Nitric oxide

Not to be confused with nitrous oxide.
This article is about a molecule of one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom. For other chemical combinations of nitrogen and oxygen, see nitrogen oxide. For the use of nitric oxide as a medication or in biology, see Biological functions of nitric oxide.
Nitric oxide
Names
IUPAC name
Nitrogen monoxide[1]
Systematic IUPAC name
Oxidonitrogen(•)[2] (additive)
Other names
Nitrogen oxide
Nitrogen(II) oxide
Oxonitrogen
Nitrogen monoxide
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.233
EC Number
  • 233-271-0
Gmelin Reference
 451
KEGG
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • QX0525000
UNII
UN number 1660
InChI
  • InChI=1S/NO/c1-2 Y
    Key: MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  • InChI=1/NO/c1-2
    Key: MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYAI
SMILES
  • [N]=O
Properties
Chemical formula
 NO
Molar mass 30.006 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless gas
Density 1.3402 g/L
Melting point −164 °C (−263 °F; 109 K)
Boiling point −152 °C (−242 °F; 121 K)
Solubility in water
 0.0098 g / 100 ml (0 °C)
0.0056 g / 100 ml (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD)
 1.0002697
Structure
Molecular shape
 linear (point group C∞v)
Thermochemistry
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
 210.76 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 90.29 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
R07AX01 (WHO)
License data
Inhalation
Pharmacokinetics:
good
via pulmonary capillary bed
2–6 seconds
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Very toxic, corrosive, oxidizer[4]
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
 [3][4]
Signal word
 Danger
Hazard statements
 H270, H314, H330[3][4]
Precautionary statements
 P220, P244, P260, P280, P303+P361+P353+P315, P304+P340+P315, P305+P351+P338+P315, P370+P376, P403, P405[3][4]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
3
0
3
OX
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
315 ppm (rabbit, 15 min)
854 ppm (rat, 4 h)
2500 ppm (mouse, 12 min)[5]
320 ppm (mouse)[5]
Safety data sheet (SDS) External SDS
Related compounds
Related nitrogen oxides
 Dinitrogen pentoxide

Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen trioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrous oxide
Nitroxyl (reduced form)
Hydroxylamine (hydrogenated form)

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide, nitrogen monooxide, or nitrogen monoxide[1]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula (•N=O or •NO). Nitric oxide is also a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, a class of molecules whose study spawned early modern theories of chemical bonding.[6]

An important intermediate in industrial chemistry, nitric oxide forms in combustion systems and can be generated by lightning in thunderstorms. In mammals, including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule in many physiological and pathological processes.[7] It was proclaimed the "Molecule of the Year" in 1992.[8] The 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for discovering nitric oxide's role as a cardiovascular signalling molecule.[9] Its impact extends beyond biology, with applications in medicine, such as the development of sildenafil (Viagra), and in industry, including semiconductor manufacturing.[10][11]

Nitric oxide should not be confused with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a brown gas and major air pollutant, or with nitrous oxide (N2O), an anesthetic gas.[6]

  1. ^ a b Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations (PDF). International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2005. p. 69.
  2. ^ "Nitric Oxide (CHEBI:16480)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Bioinformatics Institute.
  3. ^ a b c "Nitrogen monoxide - Registration Dossier - ECHA". Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  4. ^ a b c d "Safety Data Sheet - Nitric Oxide, compressed - Registration Dossier" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  5. ^ a b "Nitric oxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference G&E was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Hou, Y. C.; Janczuk, A.; Wang, P. G. (1999). "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 5 (6): 417–441. doi:10.2174/138161280506230110111042. PMID 10390607.
  8. ^ Culotta, Elizabeth; Koshland, Daniel E. Jr. (1992). "NO news is good news". Science. 258 (5090): 1862–1864. Bibcode:1992Sci...258.1862C. doi:10.1126/science.1361684. PMID 1361684.
  9. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
  10. ^ Reporter, Kashmira Gander (2020-04-07). "How the Gas That Gave Us Viagra Could Help Treat Coronavirus Patients". Newsweek. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  11. ^ "Nitric Oxide in Semiconductor Manufacturing: Unveiling the Silent Powerhouse Shaping Our Hi-Tech Future | Plasma Futures". Retrieved 2024-08-29.
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