Nitrobenzene

Nitrobenzene
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Nitrobenzene
	Other names Nitrobenzol; Nitritebenzene; Oil of mirbane
Identifiers
CAS Number	98-95-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	507540
ChEBI	CHEBI:27798 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL15750 ;
ChemSpider	7138 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.002.469
EC Number	202-716-0;
Gmelin Reference	50357
KEGG	C06813 ;
PubChem CID	7416;
RTECS number	DA6475000;
UNII	E57JCN6SSY ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3020964 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H5NO2/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H Key: LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C6H5NO2/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H Key: LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYAA;
	SMILES c1ccc(cc1)[N+](=O)[O-];
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H5NO2
Molar mass	123.11 g/mol
Appearance	yellowish, oily liquid
Odor	pungent, like paste shoe polish to almond-like
Density	1.199 g/cm3
Melting point	5.7 °C (42.3 °F; 278.8 K)
Boiling point	210.9 °C (411.6 °F; 484.0 K)
Solubility in water	0.19 g/100 ml at 20 °C
Vapor pressure	0.3 mmHg (25°C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−61.80·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.5215
Viscosity	1.8112 mPa·s
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H301, H311, H331, H351, H360, H372, H412
Precautionary statements	P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 2 1
Flash point	88 °C (190 °F; 361 K)
Autoignition; temperature	480 °C (896 °F; 753 K)
Explosive limits	1.8%-?
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	780 mg/kg (rat, oral); 600 mg/kg (rat, oral); 590 mg/kg (mouse, oral);
LDLo (lowest published)	750 mg/kg (dog, oral)
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) [skin]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) [skin]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	200 ppm
Related compounds
Related compounds	Aniline; Benzenediazonium chloride; Nitrosobenzene
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Nitrobenzene is an aromatic nitro compound and the simplest of the nitrobenzenes, with the chemical formula C₆H₅NO₂. It is a water-insoluble pale yellow oil with an almond-like odor. It freezes to give greenish-yellow crystals. It is produced on a large scale from benzene as a precursor to aniline. In the laboratory, it is occasionally used as a solvent, especially for electrophilic reagents. As confirmed by X-ray crystallography, nitrobenzene is a planar molecule.^[4]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0450". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Ahluwalia, R.; Wanchoo, R. K.; Sharma, S. K.; Vashisht, J. L. (1996). "Density, viscosity, and surface tension of binary liquid systems: Ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, and butanoic acid with nitrobenzene". Journal of Solution Chemistry. 25 (9): 905–917. doi:10.1007/BF00972581. ISSN 0095-9782. S2CID 95126469.
^ ^a ^b "Nitrobenzene". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Olga V. Dorofeeva; Yuriy V. Vishnevskiy; Natalja Vogt; Jürgen Vogt; Lyudmila V. Khristenko; Sergey V. Krasnoshchekov; Igor F. Shishkov; István Hargittai; Lev V. Vilkov (2007). "Molecular Structure and Conformation of Nitrobenzene Reinvestigated by Combined Analysis of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction, Rotational Constants, and Theoretical Calculations". Structural Chemistry. 18 (6): 739–753. doi:10.1007/s11224-007-9186-6. S2CID 98746905.

[PGCH-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0450". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[AhluwaliaWanchoo1996-2] Ahluwalia, R.; Wanchoo, R. K.; Sharma, S. K.; Vashisht, J. L. (1996). "Density, viscosity, and surface tension of binary liquid systems: Ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, and butanoic acid with nitrobenzene". Journal of Solution Chemistry. 25 (9): 905–917. doi:10.1007/BF00972581. ISSN 0095-9782. S2CID 95126469.

[IDLH-3] "Nitrobenzene". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[4] Olga V. Dorofeeva; Yuriy V. Vishnevskiy; Natalja Vogt; Jürgen Vogt; Lyudmila V. Khristenko; Sergey V. Krasnoshchekov; Igor F. Shishkov; István Hargittai; Lev V. Vilkov (2007). "Molecular Structure and Conformation of Nitrobenzene Reinvestigated by Combined Analysis of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction, Rotational Constants, and Theoretical Calculations". Structural Chemistry. 18 (6): 739–753. doi:10.1007/s11224-007-9186-6. S2CID 98746905.

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