Oppositional defiant disorder
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Paediatrics, Psychology |
| Symptoms | Recurrent patterns of negative, hostile, or defiant behavior towards authority figures |
| Complications | Enforcement action |
| Usual onset | Childhood or adolescence (can become evident before 8 years of age) |
| Duration | Is diagnosed until 18 years of age |
| Causes | Insufficient care for the affected child during early development |
| Risk factors | ADHD |
| Differential diagnosis | Conduct Disorder, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Psychotic Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder |
| Treatment | Medication, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family Therapy, intervention (counseling) |
| Medication |
|
| Prognosis | Poor unless professionally treated |
| Frequency | ≈3% |
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)[1] is listed in the DSM-5 under Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders and defined as "a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness."[2] This behavior is usually targeted toward peers, parents, teachers, and other authority figures, including law enforcement officials.[3] Unlike Conduct Disorder (CD), those with ODD do not generally show patterns of aggression towards random people, violence against animals, destruction of property, theft, or deceit.[4] One-half of children with ODD also fulfill the diagnostic criteria for ADHD.[5][6][7]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
AACAP_2009was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Diagnostic Criteria 313.81 (F91.3)". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.
- ^ "Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in Children". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
- ^ Nolen-Hoeksema S (2014). Abnormal Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 323. ISBN 978-0-07-803538-8.
- ^ Golubchik, Pavel, Shalev, Lilach, Tsamir, Dina, Manor, Iris, Weizman, Abraham. "High pretreatment cognitive impulsivity predicts response of oppositional symptoms to methylphenidate in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/oppositional defiant disorder". International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2019;34(3):138–142. doi:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000252.
- ^ Harvey EA, Breaux RP, Lugo-Candelas CI (2016). "Early development of comorbidity between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)". J Abnorm Psycho l125: 154–167.
- ^ Waschbusch DA (2002). A meta-analytic examination of comorbid hyperactive-impulsive-attention problems and conduct problems. Psychol Bull 128:118–150.