Oxalobacter formigenes

Oxalobacter formigenes
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Pseudomonadati
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Betaproteobacteria
Order: Burkholderiales
Family: Oxalobacteraceae
Genus: Oxalobacter
Species:
O. formigenes
Binomial name
Oxalobacter formigenes
Allison et al, 1985[1]
Type strain
Oxalobacter formigenes OxBT

Oxalobacter formigenes is a Gram negative oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium that was first isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a sheep in 1985.[1] To date, the bacterium has been found to colonize the large intestines of numerous vertebrates, including humans, and has even been isolated from freshwater sediment.[2] It processes oxalate by decarboxylation into formate (oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase), producing energy for itself in the process.[3]

The broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotics kill O. formigenes. If a person's gastrointestinal (GI) tract lacks this bacterium, and therefore lacks the primary source of the oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase enzyme, then the GI tract cannot degrade dietary oxalates; after some vitamin B6-modulated partial metabolic degradation in the body, the oxalates are excreted in the kidney, where they precipitates to form calcium oxalate kidney stones.[4][5][6][7] Oxalobacter formigenes can protect against kidney stones by degrading oxalate.[7]

The role and presence of O. formigenes in the human gut is an area of active research.

  1. ^ a b Allison MJ, Dawson KA, Mayberry WR, Foss JG (February 1985). "Oxalobacter formigenes gen. nov., sp. nov.: oxalate-degrading anaerobes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract". Archives of Microbiology. 141 (1): 1–7. Bibcode:1985ArMic.141....1A. doi:10.1007/BF00446731. PMID 3994481. S2CID 10709172.
  2. ^ Daniel SL, Moradi L, Paiste H, Wood KD, Assimos DG, Holmes RP, et al. (August 2021). Pettinari JM (ed.). "Forty Years of Oxalobacter formigenes, a Gutsy Oxalate-Degrading Specialist". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 87 (18): e0054421. Bibcode:2021ApEnM..87E.544D. doi:10.1128/AEM.00544-21. PMC 8388816. PMID 34190610.
  3. ^ Unden G (2013). "Energy Transduction in Anaerobic Bacteria". Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry. pp. 204–209. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-378630-2.00282-6. ISBN 978-0-12-378631-9.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Tunuguntla HS (2001). "Can the recurrence of oxalate stones be prevented? Role of Oxalobacter formigenes in stone recurrence". Journal of Urology. 165: S246.
  6. ^ Pearle MS, Goldfarb DS, Assimos DG, Curhan G, Denu-Ciocca CJ, Matlaga BR, et al. (August 2014). "Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline". The Journal of Urology. 192 (2): 316–324. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.006. PMID 24857648. S2CID 206623478.
  7. ^ a b Siener R, Bangen U, Sidhu H, Hönow R, von Unruh G, Hesse A (June 2013). "The role of Oxalobacter formigenes colonization in calcium oxalate stone disease". Kidney International. 83 (6): 1144–1149. doi:10.1038/ki.2013.104. PMID 23536130.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.