Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
| Percutaneous nephrolithotomy | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Nephrology |
A percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL, PCN, or PNL[1]) is a minimally-invasive procedure to remove stones from the kidney by a small puncture wound (up to about 1 cm) through the skin. It is most suitable to remove stones over 2 cm in size or which are present near the pelvic region. It is usually done under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia.
Since their development in 2000, PCNLs have become the standard treatment for complex and large kidney stones, and have largely obviated the need for open surgical procedures.[2]
- ^ Alken, Peter (2021-08-08). "Percutaneous nephrolithotomy – the puncture". BJU International. 129 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1111/bju.15564. ISSN 1464-4096. PMID 34365712.
- ^ Ghani, Khurshid; et al. (August 2016). "Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Update, Trends, and Future Directions". European Urology. 70 (2): 382–396. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.01.047. ISSN 0302-2838. PMID 26876328.