Phentermine

Phentermine
Clinical data
Trade namesAdipex-P, Ionamin, Suprenza, others
Other namesα,α-Dimethylphenethylamine; α,α-Dimethylphenylethylamine; α-Methylamphetamine
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682187
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Dependence
liability		Physical: Not typical
Psychological: Moderate[1]
Addiction
liability		Low[2]
Routes of
administration		By mouth[3]
Drug classPsychostimulant; Appetite suppressant;[3] Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • BR: Class B2 (Anorectic drugs)[4]
  • CA: Schedule IV
  • DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses)
  • NZ: Class C
  • US: Schedule IV
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityHigh (almost 100%)[5]
Protein binding17.5%[6]
MetabolismMinimal (6%)[6]
Elimination half-life20–25 hours, urinary pH-dependent[6][5]
ExcretionUrine (62–85% unchanged)[5][6]
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.004.112
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC10H15N
Molar mass149.237 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • NC(Cc1ccccc1)(C)C
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-10(2,11)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7H,8,11H2,1-2H3 Y
  • Key:DHHVAGZRUROJKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  (verify)

Phentermine, sold under the brand name Adipex-P among others, is a medication used together with diet and exercise to treat obesity.[3] It is available by itself or as the combination phentermine/topiramate.[7] Phentermine is taken by mouth.[3]

Common side effects include a fast heart beat, high blood pressure, trouble sleeping, dizziness, and restlessness.[3] Serious side effects may include abuse, but do not include pulmonary hypertension or valvular heart disease, as the latter complications were caused by the fenfluramine component of the "fen-phen" combination.[3] Phentermine is a norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) and produces stimulant, rewarding, and appetite suppressant effects.[8][9][10] Chemically, it is a substituted amphetamine.[11]

Phentermine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1959.[3] It is available as a generic medication.[3] In 2022, it was the 149th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.[12][13] Phentermine was withdrawn from the market in the United Kingdom in 2000, while the combination medication fen-phen, of which it was a part, was withdrawn from the market in 1997 due to side effects of fenfluramine.[14]

  1. ^ Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2017 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2016. p. 7. ISBN 9781284118971.
  2. ^ Sadock BJ, Sadock VA (2010). Kaplan and Sadock's Pocket Handbook of Clinical Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 435. ISBN 9781605472645.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Phentermine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  4. ^ Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference TGA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference DrugBank was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "Phentermine and topiramate Uses, Side Effects & Warnings". Drugs.com. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference RothmanBaumann2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference RothmanBaumann2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference RothmanBaumann2000 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Hagel JM, Krizevski R, Marsolais F, Lewinsohn E, Facchini PJ (July 2012). "Biosynthesis of amphetamine analogs in plants". Trends in Plant Science. 17 (7): 404–412. Bibcode:2012TPS....17..404H. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2012.03.004. PMID 22502775.
  12. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  13. ^ "Phentermine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  14. ^ Bagchi D, Preuss HG (2012). Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevention (Second ed.). CRC Press. p. 314. ISBN 9781439854259.
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