Piracetam

Piracetam
Clinical data
Trade names	Breinox, Dinagen, Lucetam, Nootropil, Nootropyl, Oikamid, Piracetam, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Routes of; administration	By mouth, parenteral, inhalation
ATC code	N06BX03 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); CA: Unscheduled; UK: POM (Prescription only); US: Unapproved drug, use in dietary supplements, food, or medicine is unlawful; otherwise uncontrolled;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	~100%
Onset of action	Swiftly following administration. Food delays time to peak concentration by 1.5 h approximately to 2–3 h since dosing.
Elimination half-life	4–5 hours
Excretion	Urinary
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 2-(2-Oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide;
CAS Number	7491-74-9 ;
PubChem CID	4843;
IUPHAR/BPS	4288;
DrugBank	DB09210;
ChemSpider	4677 ;
UNII	ZH516LNZ10;
KEGG	D01914 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL36715 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5044491 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.466
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C6H10N2O2
Molar mass	142.158 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	152 °C (306 °F)
	SMILES O=C1N(CC(=O)N)CCC1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H10N2O2/c7-5(9)4-8-3-1-2-6(8)10/h1-4H2,(H2,7,9) ; Key:GMZVRMREEHBGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Piracetam is a drug that has efficacy in cognitive disorders, vertigo, cortical myoclonus, dyslexia, and sickle cell anemia; sources differ on its usefulness for dementia.^[3]^[4]^[5] Piracetam is sold as a medication in many European countries. Piracetam in the United States is not approved for general use.^[6]

Piracetam is in the racetams group, with chemical name 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide. It is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter GABA^[4] and shares the same 2-oxo-pyrrolidone base structure with pyroglutamic acid. Related drugs include the anticonvulsants levetiracetam and brivaracetam, and the putative nootropics aniracetam and phenylpiracetam.

^ "Piracetam". DrugBank database.
^ Leaflet of Piracetam.
^ Cite error: The named reference (eMC) 2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Winblad2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Flicker L, Grimley Evans G (2001). "Piracetam for dementia or cognitive impairment". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012 (2): CD001011. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001011. PMC 12016011. PMID 11405971.
^ Cohen PA, Zakharevich I, Gerona R (March 2020). "Presence of Piracetam in Cognitive Enhancement Dietary Supplements". JAMA Internal Medicine. 180 (3): 458–459. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5507. PMC 6902196. PMID 31764936.

[drugbank-1] "Piracetam". DrugBank database.

[2] Leaflet of Piracetam.

[(eMC)_2017-3] Cite error: The named reference (eMC) 2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Winblad2005-4] Cite error: The named reference Winblad2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Flic2001-5] Flicker L, Grimley Evans G (2001). "Piracetam for dementia or cognitive impairment". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012 (2): CD001011. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001011. PMC 12016011. PMID 11405971.

[JAMA2019-6] Cohen PA, Zakharevich I, Gerona R (March 2020). "Presence of Piracetam in Cognitive Enhancement Dietary Supplements". JAMA Internal Medicine. 180 (3): 458–459. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5507. PMC 6902196. PMID 31764936.

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