Rifampicin
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| Pronunciation | /rɪˈfæmpəsɪn/ |
| Trade names | Rifadin, others |
| Other names | Rifampin (USAN US) |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682403 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, Intravenous therapy |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 90 to 95% (by mouth) |
| Protein binding | 80% |
| Metabolism | Liver and intestinal wall |
| Elimination half-life | 3–4 hours |
| Excretion | Urine (~30%), faeces (60–65%) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.032.997 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C43H58N4O12 |
| Molar mass | 822.953 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 183 to 188 °C (361 to 370 °F) |
| Boiling point | 937 °C (1,719 °F) [2] |
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Rifampicin, also known as rifampin, is an ansamycin antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium avium complex, leprosy, and Legionnaires' disease.[3] It is almost always used together with other antibiotics with two notable exceptions: when given as a "preferred treatment that is strongly recommended"[4] for latent TB infection; and when used as post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcal disease in people who have been exposed to those bacteria.[3] Before treating a person for a long period of time, measurements of liver enzymes and blood counts are recommended.[3] Rifampicin may be given either by mouth or intravenously.[3]
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite.[3] It often turns urine, sweat, and tears a red or orange color.[3] Liver problems or allergic reactions may occur.[3] It is part of the recommended treatment of active tuberculosis during pregnancy, though its safety in pregnancy is not known.[3] Rifampicin is of the rifamycin group of antibiotics.[3] It works by decreasing the production of RNA by bacteria.[3]
Rifampicin was discovered in 1965, marketed in Italy in 1968, and approved in the United States in 1971.[5][6][7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] The World Health Organization classifies rifampicin as critically important for human medicine.[9] It is available as a generic medication.[3] Rifampicin is made by the soil bacterium Amycolatopsis rifamycinica.[7]
- ^ "Drug and medical device highlights 2018: Helping you maintain and improve your health". Health Canada. 14 October 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ "Rifampicin (CAS 13292-46-1)". Santa Cruz Biotechnology Product Block. Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Archived from the original on 27 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Rifampin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2015-09-07. Retrieved Aug 1, 2015.
- ^ Sterling TR, Njie G, Zenner D, Cohn DL, Reves R, Ahmed A, et al. (February 2020). "Guidelines for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2020". MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 69 (1). Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA: 1–11. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6901a1. PMC 7041302. PMID 32053584.
- ^ Sensi P (1983). "History of the development of rifampin". Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 5 (Suppl 3): S402 – S406. doi:10.1093/clinids/5.supplement_3.s402. JSTOR 4453138. PMID 6635432.
- ^ Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. OUP Oxford. 2009. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-103962-1. Archived from the original on 2015-11-24.
- ^ a b McHugh TD (2011). Tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment. Wallingford, Oxfordshire: CAB International. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-84593-807-9.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (6th revision ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/312266. ISBN 9789241515528.