Risperidone

Risperidone
Clinical data
Trade names	Risperdal, Okedi, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a694015
License data	US DailyMed: Risperidone;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C;
Routes of; administration	By mouth, intramuscular, subcutaneous
Drug class	Atypical antipsychotic
ATC code	N05AX08 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); BR: Class C1 (Other controlled substances); CA: ℞-only; UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only; EU: Rx-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	70% (by mouth)
Metabolism	Liver (CYP2D6 mediated to 9-hydroxyrisperidone)
Elimination half-life	20 hours (by mouth), 3–6 days (IM)
Excretion	Urinary (70%) feces (14%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one;
CAS Number	106266-06-2 ;
PubChem CID	5073;
PubChem SID	475100;
IUPHAR/BPS	96;
DrugBank	DB00734 ;
ChemSpider	4895 ;
UNII	L6UH7ZF8HC;
KEGG	D00426 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:8871 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL85 ;
PDB ligand	8NU (PDBe, RCSB PDB);
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8045193 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.114.705
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C23H27FN4O2
Molar mass	410.493 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES Cc1c(c(=O)n2c(n1)CCCC2)CCN3CCC(CC3)c4c5ccc(cc5on4)F;
	InChI InChI=1S/C23H27FN4O2/c1-15-18(23(29)28-10-3-2-4-21(28)25-15)9-13-27-11-7-16(8-12-27)22-19-6-5-17(24)14-20(19)30-26-22/h5-6,14,16H,2-4,7-13H2,1H3 ; Key:RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Risperidone, sold under the brand name Risperdal among others, is an atypical antipsychotic^[2] used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder,^[2] as well as aggressive and self-injurious behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder.^[8] It is taken either by mouth or by injection (i.e., subcutaneous or intramuscular).^[2] The injectable versions are long-acting and last for 2–4 weeks.^[9]

Common side effects include weight gain, drowsiness, fatigue, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation, elevated prolactin levels, and restlessness.^[2]^[10] Serious side effects may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, as well as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, an increased risk of suicide, and high blood sugar levels.^[2]^[9] In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia, it may increase the risk of death.^[2] It is unknown if it is safe for use in pregnancy.^[2] Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear, but is believed to be related to its action as a dopamine and serotonin antagonist.^[2]

Study of risperidone began in the late 1980s and it was approved for sale in the United States in 1993.^[2]^[8]^[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[11] It is available as a generic medication.^[9] In 2022, it was the 183rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.^[12]^[13]

^ Cite error: The named reference generics was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "Risperidone". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
^ Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
^ "Risperdal Product information". Health Canada. 28 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
^ "Risperdal Consta 25 mg powder and solvent for prolonged-release suspension for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 6 December 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Risperdal- risperidone tablet Risperdal M-Tab- risperidone tablet, orally disintegrating Risperdal- risperidone solution". DailyMed. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
^ "Okedi EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 15 December 2021. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
^ ^a ^b Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB (2009). The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychopharmacology (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Pub. p. 627. ISBN 9781585623099.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hamilton R (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 434–435. ISBN 9781284057560.
^ Hasnain M, Vieweg WV, Hollett B (July 2012). "Weight gain and glucose dysregulation with second-generation antipsychotics and antidepressants: a review for primary care physicians". Postgraduate Medicine. 124 (4): 154–67. doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.07.2577. PMID 22913904. S2CID 39697130.
^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
^ "Risperidone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[generics-1] Cite error: The named reference generics was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[AHFS2015-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "Risperidone". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.

[3] Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.

[4] "Risperdal Product information". Health Canada. 28 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

[Risperdal_SmPC-5] "Risperdal Consta 25 mg powder and solvent for prolonged-release suspension for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 6 December 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.

[Risperdal_FDA_label-6] "Risperdal- risperidone tablet Risperdal M-Tab- risperidone tablet, orally disintegrating Risperdal- risperidone solution". DailyMed. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2019.

[Okedi_EPAR-7] "Okedi EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 15 December 2021. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.

[:0-8] Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB (2009). The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychopharmacology (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Pub. p. 627. ISBN 9781585623099.

[Ric2015-9] Hamilton R (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 434–435. ISBN 9781284057560.

[Has2012-10] Hasnain M, Vieweg WV, Hollett B (July 2012). "Weight gain and glucose dysregulation with second-generation antipsychotics and antidepressants: a review for primary care physicians". Postgraduate Medicine. 124 (4): 154–67. doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.07.2577. PMID 22913904. S2CID 39697130.

[WHO21st-11] World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[12] "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[13] "Risperidone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]