Sjögren's disease

Not to be confused with Sjögren–Larsson syndrome and Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome.

Sjögren's disease
Other namesSjögren's syndrome, sicca syndrome
Image with a microscope of focal lymphoid infiltration in the minor salivary gland associated with Sjögren's disease
Pronunciation
  • UK: /ˈʃɜːɡrɛn/, US: /ˈʃoʊɡrɛn/[1]
    Swedish: [ˈɧø̂ːɡreːn]
SpecialtyImmunology, rheumatology 
SymptomsDry mouth, dry eyes, other areas of dryness[2]
ComplicationsLymphoma[2]
Usual onsetMiddle age[2][3]
DurationLong term[4]
CausesAutoimmune disease (unknown cause)[4]
Diagnostic methodTissue biopsy, blood tests[2]
Differential diagnosisMedication side effect, anxiety, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis[5]
TreatmentArtificial tears, medications to reduce inflammation, surgery[4]
PrognosisNormal life expectancy[6]
Frequency~0.7%[7]

Sjögren's disease (SjD),[8][9][10] previously known as Sjögren syndrome or Sjögren's syndrome (SjS, SS), is a long-term autoimmune disease that primarily affects the body's exocrine glands, particularly the lacrimal and salivary glands.[4][11] Common symptoms include dry mouth, dry eyes and often seriously affect other organ systems, such as the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system.[12]

  1. ^ Elsevier, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Elsevier, archived from the original on 2014-01-11, retrieved 2014-06-17.
  2. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Bri2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ng2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d "What Is Sjögren's Syndrome? Fast Facts". NIAMS. November 2014. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  5. ^ Ferri FF (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis: a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter S. ISBN 978-0-323-07699-9.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Sin2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference John2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Baer AN, Hammitt KM (July 2021). "Sjögren's Disease, Not Syndrome". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 73 (7): 1347–1348. doi:10.1002/art.41676. ISSN 2326-5191. PMID 33559389.
  9. ^ Ramos-Casals M, Baer AN, Brito-Zerón Md, Hammitt KM, Bouillot C, Retamozo S, Mackey A, Yarowsky D, Turner B, Blanck J, Fisher BA, Akpek EK, Baldini C, Bootsma H, Bowman SJ (July 2025). "2023 International Rome consensus for the nomenclature of Sjögren disease". Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 21 (7): 426–437. doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01268-z. ISSN 1759-4804.
  10. ^ "Sjögren's Syndrome to Sjögren's Disease: Why the Name Changed". Sjögren's Foundation. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  11. ^ Mavragani CP, Moutsopoulos HM (2014-10-21). "Sjögren syndrome". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 186 (15): E579 – E586. doi:10.1503/cmaj.122037. ISSN 0820-3946. PMC 4203623. PMID 24566651.
  12. ^ Holdgate N, St Clair EW (17 June 2016). "Recent advances in primary Sjogren's syndrome". F1000Research. 5: 1412. doi:10.12688/f1000research.8352.1. PMC 4916986. PMID 27347394.
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