Spondyloarthritis

Spondyloarthritis
Other namesSpondyloarthropathy
Bone scintigraphy made with 99mTc demonstrating the highly enhanced tumor borders and the left elbow affected by psoriatic arthritis.
SpecialtyRheumatology 

Spondyloarthritis (SpA), also known as spondyloarthropathy, is a collection of syndromes connected by genetic predisposition and clinical symptoms.[1] The best-known subtypes are enteropathic arthritis (EA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and reactive arthritis (ReA).[2] Symptoms of spondyloarthritis include back pain, arthritis, and enthesitis, inflammation at bone-adhering ligaments, tendons, or joint capsules.

Spondyloarthritis is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.[3] It is associated with intestinal inflammation, with a connection between Crohn's disease and ankylosing spondylitis.[4] Reactive arthritis is primarily caused by gastrointestinal, genitourinary, respiratory infections, and genetic factors.[3]

Spondyloarthritis is diagnosed based on symptoms and imaging. Early diagnosis criteria use genetic testing and more advanced forms of medical imaging.[5] Spondyloarthritis is categorized into two groups based on the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria: primarily axial involvement and predominantly peripheral manifestations.[6][7]

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are administered first for active axial signs of spondyloarthritis. If NSAIDs are contraindicated or cause side effects, TNF blockers are used. Traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are not used for people without peripheral disease signs.[8]

  1. ^ Inman, Robert D. (2012). "The Spondyloarthropathies". Goldman's Cecil Medicine. Elsevier. pp. 1690–1697. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1604-7.00273-6. ISBN 978-1-4377-1604-7.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Spondyloarthritis Lancet was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Etiology and Pathogenesis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference u788 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Spondyloarthritis Elsevier was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference ASAS Axial was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference ASAS peripheral was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference New evidence was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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