Torovirus

Torovirus
Electron micrograph of virion and structure of equine torovirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Nidovirales
Family: Tobaniviridae
Subfamily:
Genus: Torovirus
Species

See text

Torovirus is a genus of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses in the order Nidovirales and family Tobaniviridae.[1] They primarily infect vertebrates, especially cattle, pigs, and horses.[2] Diseases associated with this genus include gastroenteritis,[2] which commonly presents in mammals.[3] Torovirus is the only genus in the monotypic subfamily Torovirinae.[4]

The discovery of the first torovirus can be traced back to 1970s. Equine torovirus (EToV) was accidentally found in the rectal sample from a horse who was experiencing severe diarrhea. The 'Breda' bovine torovirus was later found in 1979 while investigation in a dairy farm in Breda. They had several calves experiencing severe diarrhea for months. In 1984, torovirus-like particles were detected with electron microscope (EM) technique in the human patients with gastroenteritis.[5]

  1. ^ "ICTV Taxonomy history: Torovirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). ICTV. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  3. ^ Desk Encyclopedia of General Virology. Boston: Academic Press. 2009. p. 507. ISBN 978-0-12-375146-1.
  4. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
  5. ^ Cho, K.O.; Hoet, A.E. (2014). "Toroviruses (Coronaviridae)". Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.02674-X. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3.
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