Trypanosoma evansi

Trypanosoma evansi
Trypanosoma evansi in blood
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Discoba
Phylum: Euglenozoa
Class: Kinetoplastea
Order: Trypanosomatida
Family: Trypanosomatidae
Genus: Trypanosoma
Species:
T. evansi
Binomial name
Trypanosoma evansi
(Steel) Chauvrat, 1896
Synonyms[1]

Trypanosoma brucei evansi

Trypanosoma evansi is a parasitic species of excavate trypanosome in the genus Trypanosoma that is one cause of surra in animals.[2] Discovered by Griffith Evans in 1880 at Dera Ismail Khan (British India), it is the first known trypanosome that causes infection. It is a common parasite in India and Iran[3] and causes acute disease in camels and horses, and chronic disease in cattle and buffalo. In Pakistan, it has been found to be the most prevalent trypanosome species in donkeys. It is now established to infect other mammals, including humans.[4][5]

It has been proposed that T. evansi is—like T. equiperdum—a derivative of T. brucei.[6] Due to the loss of part of the mitochondrial (kinetoplast) DNA T. evansi is not capable of infecting tsetse flies, the usual invertebrate vectors of trypanosomes, and establishing the subsequent life-stages.[7][8] Due to its mechanical transmission T. evansi shows a very broad vector specificity including members of the genera Tabanus, Stomoxys, Haematopota, Chrysops and Lyperosia.[9] It rarely causes disease in humans,[10] but human infections are common.[4] Haemoglobin plays a role in trypanolytic host defense against T. evansi.[4]

  1. ^ Giordani, Federica; Morrison, Liam J.; Rowan, TIM G.; De Koning, Harry P.; Barrett, Michael P. (2016). "The animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: A review". Parasitology. 143 (14): 1862–1889. doi:10.1017/s0031182016001268. PMC 5142301. PMID 27719692.
  2. ^ Aregawi, Weldegebrial G.; Agga, Getahun E.; Abdi, Reta D.; Büscher, Philippe (January 2019). "Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi". Parasites & Vectors. 12 (1): 67. doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3311-4. PMC 6357473. PMID 30704516.
  3. ^ Sazmand A, Joachim A (2017). "Parasitic diseases of camels in Iran (1931-2017) - a literature review". Parasite. 24: 21. doi:10.1051/parasite/2017024. PMC 5479402. PMID 28617666. S2CID 13783061.
  4. ^ a b c Desquesnes M, Dargantes A, Lai DH, Lun ZR, Holzmuller P, Jittapalapong S (2013). "Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on transmission, epidemiology and control, impact, and zoonotic aspects". BioMed Research International. 2013: 321237. doi:10.1155/2013/321237. PMC 3789323. PMID 24151595. S2CID 18573610.
  5. ^ Habila, Nathan; Inuwa, Mairo H.; Aimola, Idowu A.; Udeh, Michael U.; Haruna, Emmanuel (2012). "Pathogenic mechanisms of Trypanosoma evansi infections". Research in Veterinary Science. 93 (1): 13–17. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.08.011. PMID 21940025. S2CID 26549677.
  6. ^
    Giordani, Federica; Morrison, Liam J.; Rowan, TIM G.; De Koning, Harry P.; Barrett, Michael P. (2016). "The animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: A review". Parasitology. 143 (14): 1862–1889. doi:10.1017/s0031182016001268. PMC 5142301. PMID 27719692.
    Field, Mark C.; Carrington, Mark (2009). "The trypanosome flagellar pocket". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 7 (11): 775–786. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2221. PMID 19806154. S2CID 13783989.
    Engstler, Markus (2008), Faculty Opinions recommendation of Adaptations of Trypanosoma brucei to gradual loss of kinetoplast DNA: Trypanosoma equiperdum and Trypanosoma evansi are petite mutants of T. brucei, doi:10.3410/f.1101182.557184, S2CID 222586223
    This review is cited by Giordani et al., 2016, Baldacchino et al., 2014, Berninger et al., 2017, Antonovics et al., 2017, Auty et al., 2015, Cnops et al., 2014 and others: Desquesnes M, Dargantes A, Lai DH, Lun ZR, Holzmuller P, Jittapalapong S (2013). "Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on transmission, epidemiology and control, impact, and zoonotic aspects". BioMed Research International. 2013: 321237. doi:10.1155/2013/321237. PMC 3789323. PMID 24151595. S2CID 18573610.
    Tielens, Aloysius G.M.; van Hellemond, Jaap J. (2009). "Surprising variety in energy metabolism within Trypanosomatidae". Trends in Parasitology. 25 (10): 482–490. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2009.07.007. PMID 19748317. S2CID 8166416.
  7. ^ Borst P, Fase-Fowler F, Gibson WC (February 1987). "Kinetoplast DNA of Trypanosoma evansi". Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 23 (1): 31–38. doi:10.1016/0166-6851(87)90184-8. PMID 3033499.
  8. ^ Hoare CR (1972). The trypanosomes of the Mammals. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  9. ^ Luckins AG (May 1988). "Trypanosoma evansi in Asia". Parasitology Today. 4 (5): 137–142. doi:10.1016/0169-4758(88)90188-3. PMID 15463067.(and references therein)
  10. ^ Powar RM, Shegokar VR, Joshi PP, Dani VS, Tankhiwale NS, Truc P, et al. (January 2006). "A rare case of human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi". Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 24 (1): 72–74. doi:10.4103/0255-0857.19904 (inactive 12 July 2025). PMID 16505565.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
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