Trypanosomiasis
| Trypanosomiasis | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Infectious diseases, veterinary medicine |
Trypanosomiasis or trypanosomosis is the name of several diseases in vertebrates caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma. In humans this includes African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease. A number of other diseases occur in other animals.
Human African trypanosomiasis, which is caused by either Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, is presently estimated to threaten over 40 million people in sub-Saharan Africa,[1] especially in rural areas and populations affected by war or poverty. However, only 1.5 million people are estimated to live in areas at moderate or high risk,[1] and for over 20 years the number of cases has been going down due to systematic surveillance and control efforts: in 1998 almost 40,000 cases were reported but almost 300,000 cases were suspected to have occurred;[2] in 2009, the number dropped below 10,000;[3] and in 2018 it dropped below 1000,[4] and it has remained under that number ever since.[1]
Chagas disease causes 21,000 deaths per year mainly in Latin America.[5]
- ^ a b c Franco, Jose R.; Priotto, Gerardo; Paone, Massimo; Cecchi, Giuliano; Ebeja, Agustin Kadima; Simarro, Pere P.; Sankara, Dieudonne; Metwally, Samia B. A.; Argaw, Daniel Dagne (2024-04-16). "The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Monitoring progress towards the 2021–2030 WHO road map targets". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 18 (4): e0012111. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012111. ISSN 1935-2735. PMC 11073784. PMID 38626188.
- ^ WHO (2013). Control and surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis: report of a WHO expert committee. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 984. Geneva: WHO. ISBN 978-92-4-120984-7.
- ^ Simarro, Pere P.; Cecchi, Giuliano; Paone, Massimo; Franco, José R.; Diarra, Abdoulaye; Ruiz, José A.; Fèvre, Eric M.; Courtin, Fabrice; Mattioli, Raffaele C.; Jannin, Jean G. (2010-11-01). "The Atlas of human African trypanosomiasis: a contribution to global mapping of neglected tropical diseases". International Journal of Health Geographics. 9 (1): 57. doi:10.1186/1476-072X-9-57. ISSN 1476-072X. PMC 2988709. PMID 21040555.
- ^ Franco, José R.; Cecchi, Giuliano; Priotto, Gerardo; Paone, Massimo; Diarra, Abdoulaye; Grout, Lise; Simarro, Pere P.; Zhao, Weining; Argaw, Daniel (2020-05-21). "Monitoring the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis at continental and country level: Update to 2018". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 14 (5): e0008261. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008261. ISSN 1935-2735. PMC 7241700. PMID 32437391.
- ^ Maya JD, Cassels BK, Iturriaga-Vásquez P, et al. (2007). "Mode of action of natural and synthetic drugs against Trypanosoma cruzi and their interaction with the mammalian host". Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. 146 (4): 601–20. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.03.004. PMID 16626984.