Tubular heart

Tubular heart
Diagram to illustrate the simple tubular condition of the heart.
Details
Days22
PrecursorSplanchnic mesoderm
Gives rise toHeart
Identifiers
Latincor tubulare
TEheart_by_E5.11.1.1.1.0.5 E5.11.1.1.1.0.5
Anatomical terminology

The tubular heart or primitive heart tube is the earliest stage of heart development.[1] The heart is the first organ to develop during human embryonic development.[2]

From the inflow to the outflow, the tubular heart consists of sinus venosus, primitive atrium, the primitive ventricle, the bulbus cordis, and truncus arteriosus.[3] The sinus venosus will become part of the right atrium and contain the primary cardiac pacemaker.[4] The primitive atrium and primitive ventricle will develop into the upper and lower chambers of the heart.[5] The bulbus cordis will form part of the right ventricle, while the truncus arteriosis split into pulmonary and aortic vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[5] Blood flow is driven by contractions and is different compared to that of an adult heart.[6]

The tubular heart forms primarily from splanchnic mesoderm, an embryonic tissue that develops into several key structures in the body.[7] It consists of three layers essential for proper heart function, corresponding to those in the adult human heart: the endothelial lining, the muscular bulk, and the external surface.[6] The endothelial lining acts as a barrier between the blood and surrounding tissues, the muscular bulk contains cardiac muscle that contracts to pump blood, and the external surface provides a protective covering for the heart.[8]

  1. ^ Schleich, J-Mark (May 2002). "Development of the human heart: days 15–21". Heart (British Cardiac Society). 87 (5): 487. doi:10.1136/heart.87.5.487. PMC 1767109. PMID 11997429.
  2. ^ Farraj, Kristen L.; Zeltser, Roman (2024), "Embryology, Heart Tube", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 29763109, retrieved 2024-11-02
  3. ^ Sadler, Thomas W. (2006). Langman's medical embryology (10th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  4. ^ Faber, Jaeike W (2019). "Sinus venosus incorporation: contentious issues and operational criteria for developmental and evolutionary studies". Journal of Anatomy. 234 (5): 583–591. doi:10.1111/joa.12962. PMC 6481585. PMID 30861129.
  5. ^ a b "Development of the Heart | Anatomy and Physiology II". courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  6. ^ a b Betts, J. Gordon; Young, Kelly A.; Wise, James A.; Johnson, Eddie; Poe, Brandon; Kruse, Dean H.; Korol, Oksana; Johnson, Jody E.; Womble, Mark (2022-04-20). "19.5 Development of the Heart - Anatomy and Physiology 2e | OpenStax". openstax.org. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
  7. ^ Yonei-Tamura, Sayuri; Ide, Hiroyuki; Tamura, Koji (2005). "Splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm has limb-forming ability according to the position along the rostrocaudal axis in chick embryos". Developmental Dynamics. 233 (2): 256–265. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20391. ISSN 1058-8388. PMID 15844095.
  8. ^ Félétou, Michel (2011), "Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells", The Endothelium: Part 1: Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells—Focus on Endothelium-Derived Vasoactive Mediators, Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences, retrieved 2024-11-24