Two feet-one hand syndrome

Two feet-one hand syndrome
SpecialtyDermatology, infectious diseases
SymptomsDiffuse scaling of palms and prominent palmar creases in one hand, tinea pedis in both feet[1]
ComplicationsSecondary bacterial infection[2]
DurationTendency to last longterm[3]
CausesTrichophyton rubrum[3]
Risk factorsExcessive sweating[4]
Diagnostic methodVisualization, microscopy, culture[4]
Differential diagnosisDermatitis, psoriasis, keratoderma, hyperkeratosis, allergic contact dermatitis[5]
PreventionFoot hygiene,[4] avoid scratching feet and toes[6]
TreatmentAntifungals[4]
MedicationOral terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole, griseofulvin[4]
FrequencyMales>females[3]

Two feet-one hand syndrome (TFOHS) is a long-term fungal condition in which athlete's foot or fungal toenail infections in both feet is associated with tinea manuum in one hand.[3][7] Often the feet are affected for several years before a diffuse scaling rash on the palm of one hand appears, at which point some affected people may decide to seek medical help.[7]

The most common causative organism is Trichophyton rubrum.[3] The condition is more likely to occur in people who sweat more.[4] Diagnosis is by visualization, microscopy and culture.[4] It may appear similar to dermatitis, psoriasis, keratoderma, hyperkeratosis and allergic contact dermatitis.[5] Treatment is with long-term systemic antifungals, typically oral terbinafine or itraconazole.[4][8]

The condition is frequently seen in skin clinics.[9] Males are affected more frequently than females.[3] One study showed that 65% of cases with tinea manuum were part of TFOHS.[6][10] TFOHS was first described by Curtis in 1964.[11]

  1. ^ Johnstone, Ronald B. (2017). "25. Mycoses and Algal infections". Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 441. ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Schachtel2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f Ginter-Hanselmayer, Gabriele; Nenoff, Pietro (2018). "10. Clinically Relevant Mycoses Dermatomycoses". In Presterl, Elisabeth (ed.). Clinically Relevant Mycoses: A Practical Approach. Springer. p. 154. ISBN 978-3-319-92299-7.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "15. Diseases resulting from fungi and yeasts". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 297–299. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6.
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Nunley2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b Chamorro, Monica J.; House, Steven A. (10 August 2020). "Tinea Manuum". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32644474.
  7. ^ a b Rubin, Adam I.; Jellinek, Nathaniel J.; III, C. Ralph Daniel; Scher, Richard K. (2018). "9. Onychomycosis". Scher and Daniel's Nails: Diagnosis, Surgery, Therapy. Springer. p. 157. ISBN 978-3-319-65649-6.
  8. ^ Habif, Thomas P. (2016). "13. Superficial fungal infections". Clinical Dermatology (Sixth ed.). Elsevier. p. 492. ISBN 978-0-323-26183-8.
  9. ^ Acton, Ashton (2011). Advances in Tinea Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition: ScholarlyPaper. ScholarlyEditions. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4649-5597-6.
  10. ^ Zhan, Ping; Geng, Chengfang; Li, Zhihua; Jiang, Qing; Jin, Yun; Li, Caixia; Liu, Weida (August 2013). "The epidemiology of tinea manuum in Nanchang area, South China". Mycopathologia. 176 (1–2): 83–88. doi:10.1007/s11046-013-9673-9. ISSN 1573-0832. PMID 23765324. S2CID 14112962.
  11. ^ Bjekić, Milan (1 September 2015). "Two Feet-One Hand Syndrome: A Case Report / Sindrom dva stopala i jedne šake – prikaz slučaja". Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis. 32 (3): 215–219. doi:10.1515/afmnai-2015-0022.
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