Visual prosthesis

For non-functional prostheses or glass eyes, see Ocular prosthesis and Craniofacial prosthesis.

A visual prosthesis, often referred to as a bionic eye, is a visual device intended to restore functional vision in those with partial or total blindness. Many devices have been developed, usually modeled on the cochlear implant or bionic ear devices, a type of neural prosthesis in use since the mid-1980s. The idea of using electrical current (e.g., electrically stimulating the retina or the visual cortex) to provide sight dates back to the 18th century, discussed by Benjamin Franklin,[1] Tiberius Cavallo,[2] and Charles LeRoy.[3]

  1. ^ Dobelle, Wm. H. (January 2000). "Artificial Vision for the Blind by Connecting a Television Camera to the Visual Cortex". ASAIO Journal. 46 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1097/00002480-200001000-00002. PMID 10667705.
  2. ^ Fodstad, H.; Hariz, M. (2007). "Electricity in the treatment of nervous system disease". In Sakas, Damianos E.; Krames, Elliot S.; Simpson, Brian A. (eds.). Operative Neuromodulation. Springer. p. 11. ISBN 9783211330791. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  3. ^ Sekirnjak C; Hottowy P; Sher A; Dabrowski W; et al. (2008). "High-resolution electrical stimulation of primate retina for epiretinal implant design". J Neurosci. 28 (17): 4446–56. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5138-07.2008. PMC 2681084. PMID 18434523.
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