Calcitonin

CALCA
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2JXZ,%%s1LS7
Identifiers
Aliases	CALCA, CT, CGRP-I, CGRP-alpha, KC, PCT, calcitonin related polypeptide alpha, CGRP, CGRP1, CALC1
External IDs	OMIM: 114130; MGI: 2151253; HomoloGene: 88401; GeneCards: CALCA; OMA:CALCA - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	14,972,351 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	114,235,592 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	spinal ganglia; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; quadriceps femoris muscle; ; vastus lateralis muscle; ; cerebellar vermis; ; islet of Langerhans; ; human kidney; ; Epithelium of choroid plexus; ; tibialis anterior muscle; ; right lobe of liver;
	Top expressed in
	facial motor nucleus; ; motor neuron; ; lumbar spinal ganglion; ; anterior horn of spinal cord; ; lactiferous gland; ; trachea; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; embryo; ; embryo; ; vestibular membrane of cochlear duct;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hormone activity; calcitonin receptor binding; protein binding; identical protein binding; signaling receptor binding; protein-containing complex binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; intracellular anatomical structure; extracellular region; axon; terminal bouton; soma; neuron projection; nucleus; extracellular space;
Biological process	cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus; positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled signaling pathway; negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction; regulation of heart contraction; monocyte chemotaxis; negative regulation of blood pressure; positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; cellular response to tumor necrosis factor; ageing; vasodilation; cellular calcium ion homeostasis; response to heat; negative regulation of nervous system process; positive regulation of ossification; activation of adenylate cyclase activity; regulation of heart rate; detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain; negative regulation of ossification; response to pain; artery vasodilation involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure; feeding behavior; inflammatory response; neuropeptide signaling pathway; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; activation of protein kinase activity; embryo implantation; negative regulation of bone resorption; regulation of signaling receptor activity; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; leukocyte cell-cell adhesion; G protein-coupled receptor internalization; positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production; response to yeast; negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation; cell-cell signaling; antibacterial humoral response; positive regulation of macrophage differentiation; receptor internalization; regulation of blood pressure; protein phosphorylation; vasculature development; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; endothelial cell proliferation; positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol; innate immune response; endothelial cell migration; antifungal humoral response; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide; amylin receptor signaling pathway; calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	796
	12310
	ENSG00000110680
	ENSMUSG00000030669
	P06881
	P70160; Q99JA0
	NM_001033952; NM_001033953; NM_001741; NM_001378949; NM_001378950
	NM_001033954; NM_007587; NM_001289444; NM_001305616
	NP_001029125.1
NP_001029126; NP_001276373; NP_001292545; NP_031613; NP_001029126.1;
	NP_001276373.1
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or endostyle) in humans and other chordates^[5] in the ultimopharyngeal body.^[6] It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca²⁺), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH).^[7]

Its importance in humans has not been as well established as its importance in other animals, as its function is usually not significant in the regulation of normal calcium homeostasis.^[8] It belongs to the calcitonin-like protein family.

Historically calcitonin has also been called thyrocalcitonin.^[9]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000110680 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030669 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Sekiguchi T, Kuwasako K, Ogasawara M, Takahashi H, Matsubara S, Osugi T, et al. (January 2016). "Evidence for Conservation of the Calcitonin Superfamily and Activity-regulating Mechanisms in the Basal Chordate Branchiostoma floridae: Insights Into the Molecular and Functional Evolution in Chordates". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 291 (5): 2345–2356. doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.664003. PMC 4732217. PMID 26644465.
^ Costoff A. "Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Anatomy, Structure, and Synthesis of Calcitonin (CT)". Endocrinology: hormonal control of calcium and phosphate. Medical College of Georgia. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2004). "Endocrine system chapter". Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1416023283.
^ Costoff A. "Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Biological Actions of CT". Medical College of Georgia. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ Felsenfeld AJ, Levine BS (April 2015). "Calcitonin, the forgotten hormone: does it deserve to be forgotten?". Clinical Kidney Journal. 8 (2): 180–187. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfv011. PMC 4370311. PMID 25815174.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000110680 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030669 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] Sekiguchi T, Kuwasako K, Ogasawara M, Takahashi H, Matsubara S, Osugi T, et al. (January 2016). "Evidence for Conservation of the Calcitonin Superfamily and Activity-regulating Mechanisms in the Basal Chordate Branchiostoma floridae: Insights Into the Molecular and Functional Evolution in Chordates". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 291 (5): 2345–2356. doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.664003. PMC 4732217. PMID 26644465.

[Costoff_Calcitonin_Structure-6] Costoff A. "Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Anatomy, Structure, and Synthesis of Calcitonin (CT)". Endocrinology: hormonal control of calcium and phosphate. Medical College of Georgia. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

[isbn1-4160-2328-3-7] Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2004). "Endocrine system chapter". Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1416023283.

[Costoff_Calcitonin_Biological_Actions-8] Costoff A. "Sect. 5, Ch. 6: Biological Actions of CT". Medical College of Georgia. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

[9] Felsenfeld AJ, Levine BS (April 2015). "Calcitonin, the forgotten hormone: does it deserve to be forgotten?". Clinical Kidney Journal. 8 (2): 180–187. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfv011. PMC 4370311. PMID 25815174.

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