Cyclophosphamide
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| Pronunciation | /ˌsaɪkloʊˈfɒsfəˌmaɪd, -lə-/[1][2] |
| Trade names | Lyophilized Cytoxan, Endoxan, Cytoxan, Neosar, Procytox, Revimmune, Cycloblastin |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682080 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, by injection into a vein |
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| Bioavailability | >75% (by mouth) |
| Protein binding | >60% |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Elimination half-life | 3–12 hours |
| Excretion | Kidney |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.015 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C7H15Cl2N2O2P |
| Molar mass | 261.08 g·mol−1 |
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| Melting point | 2 °C (36 °F) |
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Cyclophosphamide (CP), also known as cytophosphane among other names,[3] is a medication used as chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system.[4] As chemotherapy it is used to treat lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, and sarcoma.[4] As an immune suppressor it is used in nephrotic syndrome, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and following organ transplant, among other conditions.[4][5] It is taken by mouth or injection into a vein.[4]
Most people develop side effects.[4] Common side effects include low white blood cell counts, loss of appetite, vomiting, hair loss, and bleeding from the bladder.[4] Other severe side effects include an increased future risk of cancer, infertility, allergic reactions, and pulmonary fibrosis.[4] Cyclophosphamide is in the alkylating agent and nitrogen mustard family of medications.[4] It is believed to work by interfering with the duplication of DNA and the creation of RNA.[4]
Cyclophosphamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1959.[4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6]
- ^ "cyclophosphamide – definition of cyclophosphamide in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
- ^ "cyclophosphamide". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "NCI Drug Dictionary". National Cancer Institute. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 25 April 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Cyclophosphamide". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2 January 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ Pagnoux C (September 2016). "Updates in ANCA-associated vasculitis". European Journal of Rheumatology. 3 (3): 122–133. doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0043. PMC 5058451. PMID 27733943.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.