Cytochrome c

CYCS
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1J3S, 3NWV, 3ZCF, 3ZOO, 2N9J, 2N9I
Identifiers
Aliases	CYCS, CYC, HCS, THC4, cytochrome c, somatic, Cytochrome c, cyt c
External IDs	OMIM: 123970; MGI: 88578; HomoloGene: 133055; GeneCards: CYCS; OMA:CYCS - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	25,125,260 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (mouse)
End	50,543,518 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	mucosa of transverse colon; ; rectum; ; right auricle of heart; ; muscle of thigh; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; prefrontal cortex; ; apex of heart; ; epithelium of colon; ; gonad; ; left ventricle;
	Top expressed in
	dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; right kidney; ; embryo; ; muscle of thigh; ; esophagus; ; embryo; ; yolk sac; ; morula; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; tail of embryo;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity; metal ion binding; protein binding; heme binding; electron transfer activity;
Cellular component	cytosol; protein phosphatase type 2A complex; mitochondrion; mitochondrial inner membrane; respirasome; nucleus; mitochondrial intermembrane space;
Biological process	mitochondrion organization; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c; cellular respiration; protein dephosphorylation; mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen; apoptotic process; mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c; cellular response to oxidative stress;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	54205
	13063
	ENSG00000172115
	ENSMUSG00000063694
	P99999
	P62897
	NM_018947
	NM_007808
	NP_061820
	NP_031834
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

The cytochrome complex, or cyt c, is a small hemeprotein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, where it plays a critical role in cellular respiration. It transfers electrons between Complexes III (Coenzyme Q – Cyt c reductase) and IV (Cyt c oxidase). Cytochrome c is highly water-soluble, unlike other cytochromes. It is capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction as its iron atom converts between the ferrous and ferric forms, but does not bind oxygen. It also plays a major role in cell apoptosis. In humans, cytochrome c is encoded by the CYCS gene.^[5]^[6]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172115 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000063694 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: cytochrome c".
^ Tafani M, Karpinich NO, Hurster KA, Pastorino JG, Schneider T, Russo MA, et al. (March 2002). "Cytochrome c release upon Fas receptor activation depends on translocation of full-length bid and the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (12): 10073–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111350200. PMID 11790791.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172115 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000063694 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: cytochrome c".

[pmid11790791-6] Tafani M, Karpinich NO, Hurster KA, Pastorino JG, Schneider T, Russo MA, et al. (March 2002). "Cytochrome c release upon Fas receptor activation depends on translocation of full-length bid and the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (12): 10073–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111350200. PMID 11790791.

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