Drugs in pregnancy

Drugs, including medications and recreational drugs, may have effects during pregnancy on the pregnant woman and fetus that vary from the effects of the drug on people who are not pregnant. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States reports that there are six million pregnancies with at least 50% of the women taking at least one medication.^[1] In addition a reported 5–10% of women of childbearing age use alcohol or other addictive substances.^[2] Of those who bear children, recreational drug use can have serious consequences to the health of not only the mother, but also the fetus as many medications can cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Some of the consequences on the babies include physical and mental abnormalities, higher risk of stillbirth, neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), low birthweight, and others.^[3]

Drugs taken in pregnancy including over-the counter-medications, prescription medications, nutritional supplements, recreational drugs, and illicit drugs may cause harm to the mother or the unborn child. Tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drug use while pregnant may be dangerous for the unborn baby and may lead to severe health problems and/or birth defects.^[4] Even small amounts of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana have not been proven to be safe when taken while pregnant.^[5] In some cases, for example, if the mother has epilepsy or diabetes, the risk of stopping a medication may be worse than risks associated with taking the medication while pregnant. The mother's healthcare professional will help make these decisions about the safest way to protect the health of both the mother and unborn child.^[6] In addition to medications and recreational substances, some dietary supplements are important for a healthy pregnancy, however, others may cause harm to the unborn child.^[7]