Pinworm (parasite)

This article is about the organism. For the infection, see Pinworm infection.

Pinworm
Pinworms (U.S.)/Threadworms (U.K.) (Enterobius vermicularis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Chromadorea
Order: Rhabditida
Family: Oxyuridae
Genus:
Baird, 1853
Species
  • Enterobius anthropopitheci (Gedoelst, 1916)[1] (chimpanzee pinworm)[2]
  • Enterobius atelis Cameron, 1929[3]
  • Enterobius brevicauda Sandosham, 1950[3]
  • Enterobius buckleyi Sandosham, 1950[3][2]
  • Enterobius callithricis Solomon, 1932[3]
  • Enterobius duplicidens Buckley, 1931[3]
  • Enterobius emodensis [2]
  • Enterobius foecunda (Linstow, 1879)[3]
  • Enterobius gregorii (Hugot, 1983) (disputed)[4][5][6][3]
  • Enterobius inglisi [3]
  • Enterobius interlabiata Sandosham, 1950[3]
  • Enterobius lagothricis Buckley, 1931[3]
  • Enterobius lemuris Baehr, 1935[3]
  • Enterobius lerouxi Sandosham, 1950[3]
  • Enterobius macaci [2]
  • Enterobius magnispicula [3]
  • Enterobius paraguerezae [3]
  • Enterobius parallela (Linstow, 1908)[3]
  • Enterobius pesteri [3]
  • Enterobius pitheci Cameron, 1929[3]
  • Enterobius polyoon (Linstow, 1909)[3]
  • Enterobius pygatrichus [3]
  • Enterobius schaefferae [3]
  • Enterobius shriveri [3][2]
  • Enterobius vermicularis (Linnaeus, 1758)[1] (human pinworm)[2][3]
  • Enterobius yagoi Sutton, 1979[3]

The pinworm (species Enterobius vermicularis), also known as threadworm (in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand) or seatworm, is a parasitic worm. It is a nematode (roundworm) and a common intestinal parasite or helminth, especially in humans.[7] The medical condition associated with pinworm infestation is known as pinworm infection (enterobiasis)[8] (a type of helminthiasis) or less precisely as oxyuriasis in reference to the family Oxyuridae.[9]

Other than human, Enterobius vermicularis were reported from bonnet macaque.[10] Other species seen in primates include Enterobius buckleyi in Orangutan[11] and Enterobius anthropopitheci in chimpanzee. Enterobius vermicularis is common in human children and transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Humans are the only natural host of Enterobius vermicularis.[12] Enterobius gregorii, another human species is morphologically indistinguishable from Enterobius vermicularis except the spicule size.[13] Throughout this article, the word "pinworm" refers to Enterobius. In British usage, however, pinworm refers to Strongyloides, while Enterobius is called threadworm.[14]

  1. ^ a b Hasegawa et al. 2005.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Enterobius". NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Registry-Migration.Gbif.Org (2022). "GBIF Backbone Taxonomy". GBIF Secretariat. doi:10.15468/39omei.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference hasegawa1998 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference hasegawa2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference totkova2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica.
  8. ^ Merriam-Webster: Enterobiasis
  9. ^ Merriam-Webster: Oxyuriasis
  10. ^ C.P., Arjun (October 2015). "A Study of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata) of Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala". Zoos' Print Journal. Zoo Outreach Organization. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  11. ^ Foitová, Ivona; Civáňová, Kristína; Baruš, Vlastimil; Nurcahyo, Wisnu (1 July 2014). "Phylogenetic relationships between pinworms (Nematoda: Enterobiinae) parasitising the critically endangered orang-utan, according to the characterisation of molecular genomic and mitochondrial markers". Parasitology Research. 113 (7): 2455–2466. doi:10.1007/s00436-014-3892-y. ISSN 1432-1955. PMID 24880237. S2CID 15076891.
  12. ^ Panidis, Stavros; Paramythiotis, Daniel; Panagiotou, Dimitris; Batsis, Georgios; Salonikidis, Spyridon; Kaloutsi, Vassiliki; Michalopoulos, Antonios (1 January 2011). "Acute appendicitis secondary to Enterobius vermicularis infection in a middle-aged man: a case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 5 559. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-5-559. ISSN 1752-1947. PMC 3245485. PMID 22128765.
  13. ^ CP, Arjun (October 2015). "A Study of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Bonnet Macaque ( Macaca radiata) of Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala" (PDF). Zoos' Print Journal. 10.
  14. ^ Vanderkooi 2000, p. B-152 & B-225
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