Tenosynovial giant cell tumor
| Tenosynovial giant cell tumor | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Localized: Localized pigmented villonodular synovitis (L-PVNS), Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCT-TS), Nodular tenosynovitis, Localized nodular tenosynovitis, and L-TGCT Diffuse: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), Conventional PVNS, and D-TGCT |
| Micrograph of diffuse TGCT, also known as pigmented villonodular synovitis. H&E stain. | |
| Specialty | Oncology |
| Symptoms | Swelling, pain, stiffness, sensitivity, and/or limited range of motion |
| Complications | Osteoarthritis |
| Usual onset | Most patients are diagnosed between the age of 30-50. |
| Types | Diffuse and localized |
| Diagnostic method | MRI, biopsy, surgery |
| Differential diagnosis | Fibromas, Baker’s cyst, tophaceous gout, synovial sarcoma, hemangioma, synovial chondromatosis, hemorrhagic synovitis |
| Treatment | Surgery, CSF1R inhibitors |
| Medication | Imatinib, Pexidartinib, Vimseltinib |
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a non-malignant tumor defined histologically as inclusions of “osteoclast-like” multinucleated giant cells, hemosiderin, and macrophages.[1] This histology can present one of 2 clinically distinct ways. Localized/nodular TGCT (L-TGCT), sometimes referred to as “giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath”;[2]: 100 is a common tumor that presents as a slow-growing, encapsulated, localized and limited bump, most frequently in the fingers. [3] Diffuse TGCT (D-TGCT) — also called pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS)— is a rare tumor that presents as a proliferative, destructive, intra-articular lesion, most commonly in the knee.[2]: 102 [4] D-TGCT tumors often develop from the lining of joints (also known as synovial tissue).[5][2][2]: 100 [6][6]: 245 . Common symptoms of D-TGCT include swelling, pain, stiffness and reduced mobility in the affected joint or limb.[2]: 102
- ^ Choi WS, Lee SK, Kim JY, Kim Y (2024-01-17). "Diffuse-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor: What Are the Important Findings on the Initial and Follow-Up MRI?". Cancers (Basel). 16 (2): 402. doi:10.3390/cancers16020402. PMC 10814250. PMID 38254890.
- ^ a b c d e Fletcher CD, Bridge J, Hogendoorn P, Mertens F (2013). WHO Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone (Fourth ed.). World Health Organization. ISBN 9789283224341. Archived from the original on July 19, 2016.
- ^ Gouin F, Noailles T (2017). "Localized and diffuse forms of tenosynovial giant cell tumor (formerly giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath and pigmented villonodular synovitis)". Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research. 103 (1S): S91 – S97. doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2016.11.002. PMID 28057477. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
- ^ Choi WS, Lee SK, Kim JY, Kim Y (2024). "Diffuse-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor: What Are the Important Findings on the Initial and Follow-Up MRI?". Cancers. 16 (2): 402. doi:10.3390/cancers16020402. PMC 10814250. PMID 38254890.
- ^ Lucas DR (August 2012). "Tenosynovial giant cell tumor: case report and review". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 136 (8): 901–906. doi:10.5858/arpa.2012-0165-CR. PMID 22849738.
- ^ a b Rateb K, Hassen BG, Leila A, Faten F, Med Samir D (2017). "Giant cell tumor of soft tissues: A case report of extra-articular diffuse-type giant cell tumor of the quadriceps". International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 31: 245–249. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.12.019. PMC 5310176. PMID 28199932.