Interleukin 18

IL18
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1J0S, 2VXT, 3F62, 4EEE, 4EKX, 4HJJ, 3WO2, 3WO3, 3WO4, 4R6U, 4XFS, 4XFT, 4XFU
Identifiers
Aliases	IL18, IGIF, IL-18, IL-1g, IL1F4, interleukin 18
External IDs	OMIM: 600953; MGI: 107936; HomoloGene: 1200; GeneCards: IL18; OMA:IL18 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	112,164,096 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	50,493,140 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	skin of abdomen; ; skin of leg; ; rectum; ; skin of thigh; ; gallbladder; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; olfactory zone of nasal mucosa; ; germinal epithelium; ; human penis; ; oral cavity;
	Top expressed in
	epithelium of stomach; ; pyloric antrum; ; mucous cell of stomach; ; left colon; ; skin of external ear; ; esophagus; ; duodenum; ; jejunum; ; spleen; ; lip;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; cytokine activity; interleukin-18 receptor binding;
Cellular component	cytosol; extracellular region; extracellular space;
Biological process	positive regulation of inflammatory response; cell-cell signaling; cellular response to organic cyclic compound; type 2 immune response; MAPK cascade; positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation; sleep; regulation of cell adhesion; positive regulation of NK T cell proliferation; positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production; positive regulation of tissue remodeling; angiogenesis; T-helper 1 type immune response; positive regulation of interleukin-17 production; inflammatory response; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling; positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; activation of protein kinase B activity; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein; positive regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation; natural killer cell activation; positive regulation of interferon-gamma production; cholesterol homeostasis; positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation; negative regulation of myoblast differentiation; triglyceride homeostasis; cell population proliferation; regulation of signaling receptor activity; interleukin-6 production; T-helper 1 cell cytokine production; neutrophil activation; natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway; positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling; immune response; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production; positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response; signal transduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	3606
	16173
	ENSG00000150782
	ENSMUSG00000039217
	Q14116
	P70380
	NM_001243211; NM_001562; NM_001386420
	NM_008360; NM_001357221; NM_001357222
	NP_001230140; NP_001553; NP_001230140.1
	NP_032386; NP_001344150; NP_001344151
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene.^[5]^[6] The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine. Many cell types, both hematopoietic cells and non-hematopoietic cells, have the potential to produce IL-18. It was first described in 1989 as a factor that induced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in mouse spleen cells.^[7] Originally, IL-18 production was recognized in Kupffer cells, and liver-resident macrophages. However, IL-18 is constitutively expressed in non-hematopoietic cells, such as intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells.^[8] IL-18 can modulate both innate and adaptive immunity and its dysregulation can cause autoimmune or inflammatory diseases.^[9]^[10]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000150782 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039217 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Okamura H, Tsutsi H, Komatsu T, Yutsudo M, Hakura A, Tanimoto T, et al. (November 1995). "Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-gamma production by T cells". Nature. 378 (6552): 88–91. Bibcode:1995Natur.378...88O. doi:10.1038/378088a0. PMID 7477296. S2CID 4323405.
^ Nolan KF, Greaves DR, Waldmann H (July 1998). "The human interleukin 18 gene IL18 maps to 11q22.2-q22.3, closely linked to the DRD2 gene locus and distinct from mapped IDDM loci". Genomics. 51 (1): 161–163. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5336. PMID 9693051.
^ Nakamura K, Okamura H, Wada M, Nagata K, Tamura T (February 1989). "Endotoxin-induced serum factor that stimulates gamma interferon production". Infection and Immunity. 57 (2): 590–595. doi:10.1128/IAI.57.2.590-595.1989. PMC 313137. PMID 2492265.
^ Yasuda K, Nakanishi K, Tsutsui H (February 2019). "Interleukin-18 in Health and Disease". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (3): 649. doi:10.3390/ijms20030649. PMC 6387150. PMID 30717382.
^ Baker KJ, Houston A, Brint E (2019). "IL-1 Family Members in Cancer; Two Sides to Every Story". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 1197. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01197. PMC 6567883. PMID 31231372.
^ Fabbi M, Carbotti G, Ferrini S (April 2015). "Context-dependent role of IL-18 in cancer biology and counter-regulation by IL-18BP". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 97 (4): 665–675. doi:10.1189/jlb.5RU0714-360RR. PMID 25548255. S2CID 25636657.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000150782 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039217 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid7477296-5] Okamura H, Tsutsi H, Komatsu T, Yutsudo M, Hakura A, Tanimoto T, et al. (November 1995). "Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-gamma production by T cells". Nature. 378 (6552): 88–91. Bibcode:1995Natur.378...88O. doi:10.1038/378088a0. PMID 7477296. S2CID 4323405.

[pmid9693051-6] Nolan KF, Greaves DR, Waldmann H (July 1998). "The human interleukin 18 gene IL18 maps to 11q22.2-q22.3, closely linked to the DRD2 gene locus and distinct from mapped IDDM loci". Genomics. 51 (1): 161–163. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5336. PMID 9693051.

[7] Nakamura K, Okamura H, Wada M, Nagata K, Tamura T (February 1989). "Endotoxin-induced serum factor that stimulates gamma interferon production". Infection and Immunity. 57 (2): 590–595. doi:10.1128/IAI.57.2.590-595.1989. PMC 313137. PMID 2492265.

[8] Yasuda K, Nakanishi K, Tsutsui H (February 2019). "Interleukin-18 in Health and Disease". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (3): 649. doi:10.3390/ijms20030649. PMC 6387150. PMID 30717382.

[9] Baker KJ, Houston A, Brint E (2019). "IL-1 Family Members in Cancer; Two Sides to Every Story". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 1197. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01197. PMC 6567883. PMID 31231372.

[10] Fabbi M, Carbotti G, Ferrini S (April 2015). "Context-dependent role of IL-18 in cancer biology and counter-regulation by IL-18BP". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 97 (4): 665–675. doi:10.1189/jlb.5RU0714-360RR. PMID 25548255. S2CID 25636657.

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