Iodine (medical use)

For the element, see Iodine. For "Iodine" (capsule, iodized oil), see Lipiodol,[1] as found in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.

Iodine is a chemical element with many uses in medicine, depending on the form. Elemental iodine and iodophors are topical antiseptics.[2] Iodine, in non-elemental form, functions as an essential nutrient in human biology (see iodine in biology).[3] Organic compounds containing iodine are also useful iodinated contrast agents in X-ray imaging.[4]

Common side effects when applied to the skin include irritation and discoloration.[2] Supplementation during pregnancy is recommended in regions where deficiency is common, otherwise it is not recommended.[1] Iodine is an essential trace element.[1]

In 1811, Bernard Courtois isolated iodine from seaweed, and then in 1820 Jean-Francois Coindet linked iodine intake to goiter size.[5] It initially came into use as a disinfectant and a treatment for goiter.[6][7] The following forms of iodine are found on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines:[8]

In addition, table salt with non-elemental iodine, known as iodized salt, is available in more than 110 countries.[9]

  1. ^ a b c World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 499. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
  2. ^ a b "Iodine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017. – This article deals with iodine for topical use. The listed brand names (Iodoflex, Iodosorb) are more appropriately attributed to cadexomer iodine, ATC code D03AX01.
  3. ^ "Iodine Deficiency". American Thyroid Association. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference CONTRAST was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Leung AM, Braverman LE, Pearce EN (November 2012). "History of U.S. iodine fortification and supplementation". Nutrients. 4 (11): 1740–1746. doi:10.3390/nu4111740. PMC 3509517. PMID 23201844.
  6. ^ Starke JA (2009). "14. Application of Iodine Water Purification Tablets: Iodine's Efficacy against Cryptosporidium parvum.". In Preedy VR, Burrow GN, Watson RR (eds.). Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. Academic Press. p. 135. ISBN 9780080920863. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017.
  7. ^ Sneader W (2005). "Legacy of the Past". Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471899792. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  9. ^ Wesley AS, Horton S (2010). "Economics of Food Fortification". In Watson RR, Gerald JK, Preedy VR (eds.). Nutrients, Dietary Supplements, and Nutriceuticals: Cost Analysis Versus Clinical Benefits. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 37. ISBN 9781607613084. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017.
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