Levonorgestrel-releasing implant
| Levonorgestrel-releasing implant | |
|---|---|
| Background | |
| Type | Hormonal Progestogen implant |
| First use | 1983 (Finland)[1] |
| Trade names | Norplant, Jadelle, Sino-implant (II), others[1] |
| Failure rates (first year) | |
| Perfect use | 0.05%[2] |
| Typical use | 0.05%[2] |
| Usage | |
| Duration effect | up to 5 years[3] |
| Reversibility | Provided correctly inserted |
| User reminders | Alternative method required after 5 years |
| Clinic review | 3 months following insertion |
| Advantages and disadvantages | |
| STI protection | No |
| Weight | No proven effect |
| Period disadvantages | irregular light spotting |
| Benefits | No further user action needed |
| Medical notes | |
| Possible scarring and difficulty in removal | |
Levonorgestrel-releasing implant, sold under the brand name Jadelle among others, are devices that release levonorgestrel for birth control.[1] It is one of the most effective forms of birth control with a one-year failure rate around 0.05%.[1][2] The device is placed under the skin and lasts for up to five years.[3] It may be used by women who have a history of pelvic inflammatory disease and therefore cannot use an intrauterine device.[3] Following removal, fertility quickly returns.[3]
It is generally well tolerated with few significant side effects.[1] Side effects may include irregular menstrual periods, no periods, headaches, and breast pain.[3][4] Use is not recommended in people with significant liver disease.[3] The levonorgestrel implant is a type of long-acting reversible birth control.[5] It primarily works by stopping ovulation and by thickening the mucus around the cervix.[4]
A levonorgestrel-releasing implant was approved for medical use in 1983 in Finland and in the United States in 1990.[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] Levonorgestrel implants are approved in more than 60 countries and used by more than seven million women.[7][8] As of 2015 it is approved but not available in the United States.[1]
- ^ a b c d e f g Shoupe, Donna; Mishell, Daniel R. Jr. (2015). The Handbook of Contraception: A Guide for Practical Management (2 ed.). Humana Press. p. 141. ISBN 9783319201856. Archived from the original on 2017-09-23.
- ^ a b c "Effectiveness of Family Planning Methods" (PDF). CDC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 373. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
- ^ a b Corson, S. L.; Derman, R. J. (1995). Fertility Control. CRC Press. p. 195. ISBN 9780969797807. Archived from the original on 2017-09-23.
- ^ Contraceptive Research, Introduction, and Use: Lessons From Norplant. National Academies Press. 1998. p. 107. ISBN 9780309059855. Archived from the original on 2017-09-23.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ Kulczycki, Andrzej (2013). Critical Issues in Reproductive Health. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 16. ISBN 9789400767225. Archived from the original on 2017-09-23.
- ^ Siving, Irving; Nash, Harold (2002). Jadelle Levonorgestrel Rod Implants: A Summary of Scientific Data and Lessons Learned from Programmatic Experience. Population Council. p. 4. ISBN 9780878341054. Archived from the original on 2017-09-23.