MPP+
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridin-1-ium | |
| Other names
Cyperquat; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine
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| Identifiers | |
CAS Number
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| EC Number |
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| MeSH | 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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InChI
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SMILES
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| Properties | |
Chemical formula
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C12H12N+ |
| Molar mass | 170.25 g/mol |
| Appearance | White to beige powder |
Solubility in water
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10 mg/mL |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
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MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C12H12N+. It is a monoaminergic neurotoxin that acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by inhibiting complex I, leading to the depletion of ATP and eventual cell death.[1]
MPP+ arises in the body as the toxic metabolite of the closely related compound MPTP. MPTP is converted in the brain into MPP+ by the enzyme MAO-B, ultimately causing parkinsonism in primates by killing certain dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. The ability for MPP+ to induce Parkinson's disease has made it an important compound in Parkinson's research since this property was discovered in 1983.[2][3]
The chloride salt of MPP+ found use in the 1970s as an herbicide under the trade name cyperquat.[3] Though no longer in use as an herbicide, cyperquat's closely related structural analog paraquat still finds widespread usage, raising some safety concerns.
- ^ PubChem Compound entry on MPP+
- ^ Locklear M (18 May 2016). "How tainted drugs "froze" young people—but kickstarted Parkinson's research". Ars Technica.
- ^ a b Wolf LK (November 25, 2013). "The Pesticide Connection". Chemical & Engineering News. 91 (47): 11–15. doi:10.1021/cen-09147-cover.