Phencyclidine

Phencyclidine
Clinical data
Trade names	Sernyl, Sernylan (both discontinued)
Other names	CI-395; Phenylcyclohexylpiperidine; "Angel dust"
AHFS/Drugs.com	phencyclidine
Dependence; liability	Physical: Low Psychological: Moderate
Addiction; liability	Variable, reported from low to high
Routes of; administration	Smoking, injection, snorted, by mouth
Drug class	NMDA receptor antagonists; General anesthetics; Dissociative hallucinogens
ATC code	None;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled drug); BR: Class A3 (Psychoactive drugs); CA: Schedule I; DE: Anlage I (Authorized scientific use only); NZ: Class A; UK: Class A; US: Schedule II; UN: Psychotropic Schedule II; Tabella I in Italy;
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Oxidative hydroxylation in liver by CYP450 enzymes, glucuronidation
Metabolites	PCHP, PPC, PCAA
Onset of action	2–60 min
Elimination half-life	7–46 hours
Duration of action	6–48 hours
Excretion	Urine
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine;
CAS Number	77-10-1 ;
PubChem CID	6468;
IUPHAR/BPS	4282;
DrugBank	DB03575 ;
ChemSpider	6224 ;
UNII	J1DOI7UV76;
KEGG	C07575 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:8058 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL275528 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6023446 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.150.427
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C17H25N
Molar mass	243.394 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	46.5 °C (115.7 °F)
Boiling point	136 °C (277 °F)
	SMILES c1ccccc1C2(CCCCC2)N3CCCCC3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C17H25N/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)17(12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18/h1,4-5,10-11H,2-3,6-9,12-15H2 ; Key:JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
Data page
	Phencyclidine (data page)
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Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known in its use as a street drug as angel dust among other names, is a dissociative anesthetic mainly used recreationally for its significant mind-altering effects.^[1]^[4] PCP may cause hallucinations, distorted perceptions of sounds, and psychotic behavior.^[4]^[7]^[8] As a recreational drug, it is typically smoked, but may be taken by mouth, snorted, or injected.^[4]^[5]^[7] It may also be mixed with cannabis or tobacco.^[1]^[4]

Adverse effects may include paranoia, addiction, and an increased risk of suicide, as well as seizures and coma in cases of overdose.^[7] Flashbacks may occur despite stopping usage.^[8] Chemically, PCP is a member of the arylcyclohexylamine class.^[4]^[9]^[10] PCP works primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist.^[9]

PCP is most commonly used in the US.^[11] While usage peaked in the US in the 1970s,^[12] between 2005 and 2011, an increase in visits to emergency departments as a result of the drug occurred.^[7] As of 2022, in the US, about 0.7% of 12th-grade students reported using PCP in the prior year, while 1.7% of people in the US over age 25 reported using it at some point in their lives.^[13]

^ ^a ^b ^c "PCP Fast Facts". justice.gov. National Drug Intelligence Center. 2003. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
^ ^a ^b Stobo JD, Traill TA, Hellmann DB, Ladenson PW, Petty BG (1996). The Principles and Practice of Medicine. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 933. ISBN 9780071383653 – via Google Books. high abuse liability
^ Cite error: The named reference NHM-PCP and ketamine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Giannini AJ (1998). "Chapter 35: Phencyclidine". In Tarter RE, Ammerman R, Ott PJ (eds.). Handbook of Substance Abuse: Neurobehavioral Pharmacology. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation. pp. 579–587. ISBN 978-1-4757-2913-9.
^ ^a ^b "NIDA InfoFacts: Hallucinogens – LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP". drugabuse.gov. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
^ ^a ^b Riviello RJ (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine: a guide for clinicians. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. pp. 41–42. ISBN 9780763744625 – via Google Books.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bush DM (2013). "Emergency Department Visits Involving Phencyclidine (PCP)". The CBHSQ Report. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. PMID 27656747. PCP can lead to hostile behavior that may result in episodes of extreme violence
^ ^a ^b "Hallucinogens". National Institute on Drug Abuse. January 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
^ ^a ^b Marion NE, Oliver WM (2014). Drugs in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law. ABC-CLIO. p. 732. ISBN 9781610695961 – via Google Books.
^ Zedeck BE, Zedeck MS (2007). Forensic Pharmacology. Infobase Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 9781438103822.
^ "PCP". ginad.org. Archived from the original on 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
^ "PCP". cesar.umd.edu. Archived from the original on 12 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
^ "Hallucinogens". drugabuse.gov. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2018.

[Jus2003-1] "PCP Fast Facts". justice.gov. National Drug Intelligence Center. 2003. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2018.

[PP933-2] Stobo JD, Traill TA, Hellmann DB, Ladenson PW, Petty BG (1996). The Principles and Practice of Medicine. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 933. ISBN 9780071383653 – via Google Books. high abuse liability

[NHM-PCP_and_ketamine-3] Cite error: The named reference NHM-PCP and ketamine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Giannini_1998-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Giannini AJ (1998). "Chapter 35: Phencyclidine". In Tarter RE, Ammerman R, Ott PJ (eds.). Handbook of Substance Abuse: Neurobehavioral Pharmacology. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation. pp. 579–587. ISBN 978-1-4757-2913-9.

[NIH2018Fact-5] "NIDA InfoFacts: Hallucinogens – LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP". drugabuse.gov. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved 2018-02-19.

[Ri2010-6] Riviello RJ (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine: a guide for clinicians. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. pp. 41–42. ISBN 9780763744625 – via Google Books.

[Bush2013-7] Bush DM (2013). "Emergency Department Visits Involving Phencyclidine (PCP)". The CBHSQ Report. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. PMID 27656747. PCP can lead to hostile behavior that may result in episodes of extreme violence

[NIH2016Hal-8] "Hallucinogens". National Institute on Drug Abuse. January 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2018.

[Mar2014-9] Marion NE, Oliver WM (2014). Drugs in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law. ABC-CLIO. p. 732. ISBN 9781610695961 – via Google Books.

[Zed2007-10] Zedeck BE, Zedeck MS (2007). Forensic Pharmacology. Infobase Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 9781438103822.

[11] "PCP". ginad.org. Archived from the original on 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2018-02-20.

[12] "PCP". cesar.umd.edu. Archived from the original on 12 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2018.

[13] "Hallucinogens". drugabuse.gov. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2018.

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