Prostate-specific antigen

KLK3
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: M0QZF9 PDBe M0QZF9 RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2ZCH, 2ZCK, 2ZCL, 3QUM
Identifiers
Aliases	KLK3, APS, KLK2A1, PSA, hK3, kallikrein related peptidase 3, Prostate Specific Antigen
External IDs	OMIM: 176820; MGI: 97320; HomoloGene: 68141; GeneCards: KLK3; OMA:KLK3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)
End	50,860,764 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	43,861,178 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	prostate; ; frontal pole; ; paraflocculus of cerebellum; ; middle frontal gyrus; ; sperm; ; urethra; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; appendix; ; synovial joint; ; gonad;
	Top expressed in
	submandibular gland; ; parotid gland; ; pyloric antrum; ; pancreas; ; islet of Langerhans; ; lacrimal gland; ; left lobe of liver; ; meninges; ; right kidney; ; large intestine;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	peptidase activity; serine-type peptidase activity; endopeptidase activity; hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amides; protein binding; hydrolase activity; serine-type endopeptidase activity;
Cellular component	extracellular exosome; nucleus; extracellular region; extracellular space; secretory granule; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	negative regulation of angiogenesis; antibacterial peptide production; proteolysis; regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; zymogen activation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	354
	18048
	ENSG00000142515
	ENSMUSG00000066513
	P07288
	P00757
NM_001030047; NM_001030048; NM_001030049; NM_001030050; NM_001648;
	NM_145864
	NM_010915
	NP_001025218; NP_001025219; NP_001639
	NP_035045
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), also known as gamma-seminoprotein or kallikrein-3 (KLK3), P-30 antigen, is a glycoprotein enzyme encoded in humans by the KLK3 gene. PSA is a member of the kallikrein-related peptidase family and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland in men and the paraurethral glands in women.^[5]

PSA is produced for the ejaculate, where it liquefies semen in the seminal coagulum and allows sperm to swim freely.^[6] It is also believed to be instrumental in dissolving cervical mucus, allowing the entry of sperm into the uterus.^[7]

PSA is present in small quantities in the serum of men with healthy prostates, but is often elevated in the presence of prostate cancer or other prostate disorders.^[8] PSA is not uniquely an indicator of prostate cancer, but may also detect prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia.^[9]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142515 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000066513 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Wimpissinger F, Stifter K, Grin W, Stackl W (September 2007). "The female prostate revisited: perineal ultrasound and biochemical studies of female ejaculate". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 4 (5): 1388–93, discussion 1393. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00542.x. PMID 17634056.
^ Balk SP, Ko YJ, Bubley GJ (January 2003). "Biology of prostate-specific antigen". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 21 (2): 383–391. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.02.083. PMID 12525533.
^ Hellstrom WJG, ed. (1999). "Chapter 8: What is the prostate and what is its function?". American Society of Andrology Handbook. San Francisco: American Society of Andrology. ISBN 978-1-891276-02-6.
^ Catalona WJ, Richie JP, Ahmann FR, Hudson MA, Scardino PT, Flanigan RC, et al. (May 1994). "Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6,630 men". The Journal of Urology. 151 (5): 1283–1290. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35233-3. PMID 7512659.
^ Velonas VM, Woo HH, dos Remedios CG, Assinder SJ (May 2013). "Current status of biomarkers for prostate cancer". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 14 (6): 11034–11060. doi:10.3390/ijms140611034. PMC 3709717. PMID 23708103.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142515 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000066513 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Wimpissinger-2007-5] Wimpissinger F, Stifter K, Grin W, Stackl W (September 2007). "The female prostate revisited: perineal ultrasound and biochemical studies of female ejaculate". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 4 (5): 1388–93, discussion 1393. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00542.x. PMID 17634056.

[Balk-2003-6] Balk SP, Ko YJ, Bubley GJ (January 2003). "Biology of prostate-specific antigen". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 21 (2): 383–391. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.02.083. PMID 12525533.

[7] Hellstrom WJG, ed. (1999). "Chapter 8: What is the prostate and what is its function?". American Society of Andrology Handbook. San Francisco: American Society of Andrology. ISBN 978-1-891276-02-6.

[8] Catalona WJ, Richie JP, Ahmann FR, Hudson MA, Scardino PT, Flanigan RC, et al. (May 1994). "Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6,630 men". The Journal of Urology. 151 (5): 1283–1290. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35233-3. PMID 7512659.

[Velonas-2013-9] Velonas VM, Woo HH, dos Remedios CG, Assinder SJ (May 2013). "Current status of biomarkers for prostate cancer". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 14 (6): 11034–11060. doi:10.3390/ijms140611034. PMC 3709717. PMID 23708103.

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