Renal hypoplasia
| Renal hypoplasia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Hypoplastic kidneys |
| An ultrasound scan of a hypoplastic right kidney in an adult male. | |
| Specialty | Nephrology |
| Complications | Anuria, chronic kidney disease, glomerular hyperfiltration, hypertension, proteinuria, sepsis, urinary tract infection, urinary tract obstruction, urolithiasis[1][2] |
| Types | Simple, oligomeganephronic, segmental, cortical |
| Causes | Mutation of the genes HNF1B, PAX2, PBX1[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Ultrasound |
| Differential diagnosis | Renal dysplasia, oligomeganephronia[3] |
| Frequency | 1 in 400 births[4] |
Renal hypoplasia is a congenital abnormality in which one or both of the kidneys are smaller than normal,[5] resulting in a reduced nephron number[1] but with normal morphology.[4]
It is defined as abnormally small kidneys, where the size is less than two standard deviations below the expected mean for the corresponding demographics, and the morphology is normal.[4][1] The severity of the disease depends on whether hypoplasia is unilateral or bilateral, and the degree of reduction in the number of nephrons.[1]
- ^ a b c d e "S. Kohl, M. Liebau - Renal hypoplasia". www.orpha.net.
- ^ Gadelkareem, Rabea Ahmed; Mohammed, Nasreldin (25 January 2022). "Unilateral hypoplastic kidney in adults: An experience of a tertiary-level urology center". World Journal of Nephrology. 11 (1): 30–38. doi:10.5527/wjn.v11.i1.30. PMC 8790306. PMID 35117977.
- ^ Copelovitch, Lawrence; Kaplan, Bernard S. (2012). "Developmental Abnormalities of the Kidneys". Avery's Diseases of the Newborn. pp. 1182–1190. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4377-0134-0.10083-6. ISBN 978-1-4377-0134-0.
- ^ a b c Cain, Jason E; Di Giovanni, Valeria; Smeeton, Joanna; Rosenblum, Norman D (August 2010). "Genetics of Renal Hypoplasia: Insights Into the Mechanisms Controlling Nephron Endowment". Pediatric Research. 68 (2): 91–98. doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181e35a88. PMID 20421843.
- ^ Lote, Christopher J. (2012). Principles of Renal Physiology, 5th edition. Springer. p. 22.