Theophylline

Theophylline
Clinical data
Trade names	Theolair, Slo-Bid
Other names	1,3-dimethylxanthine
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a681006
Pregnancy; category	AU: A;
Routes of; administration	By mouth, intravenous, rectal
ATC code	R03DA04 (WHO) R03DB04;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); CA: ℞-only; UK: P (Pharmacy medicines); US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	100% (oral)
Protein binding	40% (primarily to albumin)
Metabolism	Hepatic: CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4
Metabolites	• 1,3-Dimethyluric acid ; • 1-Methyixanthine; • 3-Methylxanthine
Elimination half-life	5–8 hours
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione;
CAS Number	58-55-9 ;
PubChem CID	2153;
IUPHAR/BPS	413;
DrugBank	DB00277 ;
ChemSpider	2068 ;
UNII	0I55128JYK;
KEGG	D00371 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:28177 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL190 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5021336 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.350
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C7H8N4O2
Molar mass	180.167 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES Cn1c2c(c(=O)n(c1=O)C)[nH]cn2;
	InChI InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-5-4(8-3-9-5)6(12)11(2)7(10)13/h3H,1-2H3,(H,8,9) ; Key:ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors.^[1] It is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.^[2] Its pharmacology is similar to other methylxanthine drugs (e.g., theobromine and caffeine).^[1] Trace amounts of theophylline are naturally present in tea, coffee, chocolate, yerba mate, guarana, and kola nut.^[1]^[3]

^ ^a ^b ^c "Theophylline". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 26 August 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
^ Barnes PJ (October 2013). "Theophylline". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 188 (8): 901–906. doi:10.1164/rccm.201302-0388PP. PMID 23672674.
^ IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (1991). "Coffee, Tea, Mate, Methylxanthines and Methylglyoxal". IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 51. International Agency for Research on Cancer: 391–419. PMC 7681294. PMID 2033791.

[pubchem-1] "Theophylline". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 26 August 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.

[barnes-2] Barnes PJ (October 2013). "Theophylline". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 188 (8): 901–906. doi:10.1164/rccm.201302-0388PP. PMID 23672674.

[3] IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (1991). "Coffee, Tea, Mate, Methylxanthines and Methylglyoxal". IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 51. International Agency for Research on Cancer: 391–419. PMC 7681294. PMID 2033791.

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