Thyroglobulin

TG
Identifiers
Aliases	TG, AITD3, TGN, thyroglobulin
External IDs	OMIM: 188450; MGI: 98733; HomoloGene: 2430; GeneCards: TG; OMA:TG - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (human)
End	133,134,903 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 15 (mouse)
End	66,722,570 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	left lobe of thyroid gland; ; right lobe of thyroid gland; ; apex of heart; ; skin of leg; ; skin of abdomen; ; right adrenal cortex; ; amygdala; ; testicle; ; right lobe of liver; ; left ventricle;
	Top expressed in
	trachea; ; thyroid gland; ; lobe of thyroid gland; ; tail of embryo; ; embryo; ; blood; ; spermatocyte; ; granulocyte; ; endocardial cushion; ; atrium;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hormone activity;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular space;
Biological process	thyroid hormone metabolic process; thyroid gland development; regulation of myelination; iodide transport; signal transduction; hormone biosynthetic process; regulation of signaling receptor activity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	7038
	21819
	ENSG00000042832
	ENSMUSG00000053469
	P01266
	O08710
	NM_003235
	NM_009375
	NP_003226
	NP_033401
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a 660 kDa, dimeric glycoprotein produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid and used entirely within the thyroid gland. Tg is secreted and accumulated at hundreds of grams per litre in the extracellular compartment of the thyroid follicles, accounting for approximately half of the protein content of the thyroid gland.^[5] Human TG (hTG) is a homodimer of subunits each containing 2768 amino acids as synthesized (a short signal peptide of 19 amino acids may be removed from the N-terminus in the mature protein).^[6]

Thyroglobulin is in all vertebrates the main precursor to thyroid hormones, which are produced when thyroglobulin's tyrosine residues are combined with iodine and the protein is subsequently cleaved. Each thyroglobulin molecule contains approximately 16 tyrosine residues, but only around 10 of these are subject to iodination by thyroperoxidase in the follicular colloid. It takes two iodinated tyrosines to make a thyroid hormone molecule; therefore, each Tg molecule forms approximately 5 thyroid hormone molecules.^[5]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000042832 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000053469 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b Boron WF (2003). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. p. 1044. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
^ "Protein" thyroglobulin precursor [Homo sapiens]". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000042832 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000053469 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Boron-5] Boron WF (2003). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. p. 1044. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.

[6] "Protein" thyroglobulin precursor [Homo sapiens]". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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