Trichothecene

Trichothecenes constitute a large group of chemically related mycotoxins. They are produced by fungi of the genera Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, Podostroma, Trichothecium, Cephalosporium, Verticimonosporium, Stachybotrys (most in Hypocreales) and possibly others.[1][2][3] Chemically, trichothecenes are a class of sesquiterpenes.

All trichothecenes share the cyclic sesquiterpene structure but differ in the type of functional group attached to the carbon backbone.[4] They are produced on many different grains such as wheat, oats, or maize by various Fusarium species including F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. poae, and F. equiseti.

Some moulds that produce trichothecene mycotoxins, such as Stachybotrys chartarum, can grow in damp indoor environments. It has been found that macrocyclic trichothecenes produced by S. chartarum can become airborne and thus contribute to health problems in humans.[5][6] A poisonous mushroom native to Japan and China, Trichoderma cornu-damae (syn. Podostroma cornu-damae), contains six trichothecenes, including satratoxin H, roridin E, and verrucarin A.

  1. ^ Edite Bezerra da Rocha, Maria; Freire, Francisco da Chagas Oliveira; Erlan Feitosa Maia, Fábio; Izabel Florindo Guedes, Maria; Rondina, Davide (2014-02-01). "Mycotoxins and their effects on human and animal health". Food Control. 36 (1): 159–165. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.08.021. ISSN 0956-7135.
  2. ^ Trichothecene Mycotoxicosis Pathophysiologic Effects (1989): Volume I. CRC Press. 2017-11-22. doi:10.1201/9781315121284. ISBN 978-1-315-12128-4.
  3. ^ Ueno, Yoshio, ed. (1983). Trichothecenes: chemical, biological, and toxicological aspects. Developments in food science. Tokyo : Amsterdam ; New York : New York, NY: Kodansha ; Elsevier ; [Distributor] for the U.S.A. and Canada, Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-444-99661-9.
  4. ^ Fels-Klerx, H. van der; Stratakou, I. (2010-11-01). "T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in grain and grain-based commodities in Europe: occurrence, factors affecting occurrence, co-occurrence and toxicological effects". World Mycotoxin Journal. 3 (4): 349–367. doi:10.3920/WMJ2010.1237. ISSN 1875-0710.
  5. ^ Detection of Airborne Stachybotrys chartarum Macrocyclic Trichothecene Mycotoxins in the Indoor Environment
  6. ^ Etzel RA (2002). "Mycotoxins". JAMA. 287 (4): 425–7. doi:10.1001/jama.287.4.425. PMID 11798344.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.