Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4

CTLA4
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3OSK, 1AH1, 1H6E, 1I85, 1I8L, 2X44, 3BX7
Identifiers
Aliases	CTLA4, ALPS5, CD, CD152, CELIAC3, CTLA-4, GRD4, GSE, IDDM12, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4
External IDs	OMIM: 123890; MGI: 88556; HomoloGene: 3820; GeneCards: CTLA4; OMA:CTLA4 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)
End	203,873,965 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	60,954,991 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	lymph node; ; appendix; ; buccal mucosa cell; ; gonad; ; pancreatic epithelial cell; ; testicle; ; granulocyte; ; pancreatic ductal cell; ; superficial temporal artery; ; gallbladder;
	Top expressed in
	secondary oocyte; ; zygote; ; thymus; ; primary oocyte; ; spleen; ; ileum; ; zone of skin; ; jejunum; ; esophagus; ; colon;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding;
Cellular component	perinuclear region of cytoplasm; integral component of membrane; clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle; plasma membrane; Golgi apparatus; membrane; external side of plasma membrane; protein complex involved in cell adhesion; integral component of plasma membrane;
Biological process	B cell receptor signaling pathway; T cell costimulation; negative regulation of B cell proliferation; adaptive immune response; negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation; immune response; cellular response to DNA damage stimulus; immune system process; positive regulation of apoptotic process; negative regulation of immune response; negative regulation of T cell proliferation; regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation; regulation of T cell proliferation; T cell receptor signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1493
	12477
	ENSG00000163599
	ENSMUSG00000026011
	P16410
	P09793
	NM_001037631; NM_005214
	NM_001281976; NM_009843
	NP_001032720; NP_005205
	NP_001268905; NP_033973
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, (CTLA-4) also known as CD152 (cluster of differentiation 152), is a protein receptor that functions as an immune checkpoint and downregulates immune responses. CTLA-4 is constitutively expressed in regulatory T cells but only upregulated in conventional T cells after activation – a phenomenon which is particularly notable in cancers.^[5] It acts as an "off" switch when bound to CD80 or CD86 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. It is encoded by the gene CTLA4 in humans.

The CTLA-4 protein is encoded by the Ctla-4 gene in mice.^[6]^[7]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163599 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026011 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Syn NL, Teng MW, Mok TS, Soo RA (December 2017). "De-novo and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint targeting". The Lancet. Oncology. 18 (12): e731 – e741. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30607-1. PMID 29208439.
^ Brunet JF, Denizot F, Luciani MF, Roux-Dosseto M, Suzan M, Mattei MG, Golstein P (1987). "A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily--CTLA-4". Nature. 328 (6127): 267–70. Bibcode:1987Natur.328..267B. doi:10.1038/328267a0. PMID 3496540. S2CID 4316396.
^ Dariavach P, Mattéi MG, Golstein P, Lefranc MP (December 1988). "Human Ig superfamily CTLA-4 gene: chromosomal localization and identity of protein sequence between murine and human CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domains". European Journal of Immunology. 18 (12): 1901–5. doi:10.1002/eji.1830181206. PMID 3220103. S2CID 34071559.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163599 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026011 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[:0-5] Syn NL, Teng MW, Mok TS, Soo RA (December 2017). "De-novo and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint targeting". The Lancet. Oncology. 18 (12): e731 – e741. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30607-1. PMID 29208439.

[pmid3496540-6] Brunet JF, Denizot F, Luciani MF, Roux-Dosseto M, Suzan M, Mattei MG, Golstein P (1987). "A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily--CTLA-4". Nature. 328 (6127): 267–70. Bibcode:1987Natur.328..267B. doi:10.1038/328267a0. PMID 3496540. S2CID 4316396.

[pmid3220103-7] Dariavach P, Mattéi MG, Golstein P, Lefranc MP (December 1988). "Human Ig superfamily CTLA-4 gene: chromosomal localization and identity of protein sequence between murine and human CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domains". European Journal of Immunology. 18 (12): 1901–5. doi:10.1002/eji.1830181206. PMID 3220103. S2CID 34071559.

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