Interleukin 19

IL19
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1N1F
Identifiers
Aliases	IL19, IL-10C, MDA1, NG.1, ZMDA1, Interleukin 19, IL-19
External IDs	OMIM: 605687; MGI: 1890472; HomoloGene: 17813; GeneCards: IL19; OMA:IL19 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	206,842,981 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	130,867,852 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	nasal epithelium; ; gastric mucosa; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; olfactory zone of nasal mucosa; ; periodontal fiber; ; minor salivary glands; ; palpebral conjunctiva; ; granulocyte; ; trachea; ; lymph node;
	Top expressed in
	embryo; ; yolk sac; ; secondary oocyte; ; placenta; ; pancreas;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	cytokine activity; protein binding;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular space;
Biological process	negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway; positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; signal transduction; reactive oxygen species metabolic process; apoptotic process; immune response; regulation of signaling receptor activity; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	29949
	329244
	ENSG00000142224
	ENSMUSG00000016524
	Q9UHD0
	Q8CJ70
	NM_013371; NM_153758; NM_001369605; NM_001393490; NM_001393491
	NM_001009940; NM_001355135
	NP_037503; NP_715639; NP_001356534
	NP_001009940; NP_001342064
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Interleukin 19 (IL-19) is an immunosuppressive protein that belongs to the IL-10 cytokine subfamily.

Human IL-19 is encoded by the IL-19 gene which codes for 9 exons and is located on chromosome 1.^[5] The IL-19 protein is composed of 159 amino acids and has a quaternary structure with alpha helix motifs and loops. IL-19 is preferentially expressed in monocytes, macrophages, and T and B lymphocytes,^[5] but interacts with immune cells (macrophages, T cells, B cells) and non-immune cells (endothelial cells and brain resident glial cells, etc).^[6]

IL-19 initiates JAK-STAT signaling which activates genes and creates mRNA sequences (transcription) that are translated into proteins (translation) which have downstream effector functions. IL-19 signaling uses IL-20 dimer receptor complexes that bind the IL-19 ligand, Janus kinases (JAKs), and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to initiate the molecular signaling cascade shown on the diagram on the right.

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142224 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016524 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "IL19 interleukin 19 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
^ Leigh T, Scalia RG, Autieri MV (September 2020). "Resolution of inflammation in immune and nonimmune cells by interleukin-19". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. 319 (3): C457 – C464. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00247.2020. PMC 7509264. PMID 32667867.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142224 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016524 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[:0-5] "IL19 interleukin 19 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-01.

[:2-6] Leigh T, Scalia RG, Autieri MV (September 2020). "Resolution of inflammation in immune and nonimmune cells by interleukin-19". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. 319 (3): C457 – C464. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00247.2020. PMC 7509264. PMID 32667867.

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