Potassium chloride

Potassium chloride
Names
	Other names Sylvite; Muriate of potash;
Identifiers
CAS Number	7447-40-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:32588 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200731 ;
ChemSpider	4707 ;
DrugBank	DB00761 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.374
E number	E508 (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG	D02060 ;
PubChem CID	4873;
RTECS number	TS8050000;
UNII	660YQ98I10 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5021178 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/ClH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Key: WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/ClH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Key: WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-REWHXWOFAZ;
	SMILES [Cl-].[K+];
Properties
Chemical formula	KCl
Molar mass	74.555 g·mol−1
Appearance	white crystalline solid
Odor	odorless
Density	1.984 g/cm3
Melting point	770 °C (1,420 °F; 1,040 K)
Boiling point	1,420 °C (2,590 °F; 1,690 K)
Solubility in water	27.77 g/100mL (0 °C) ; 33.97 g/100mL (20 °C) ; 54.02 g/100mL (100 °C)
Solubility	Soluble in glycerol, alkalies ; Slightly soluble in alcohol Insoluble in ether
Solubility in ethanol	0.288 g/L (25 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	~7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−39.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.4902 (589 nm)
Structure
Crystal structure	face centered cubic
Space group	Fm3m, No. 225
Lattice constant	a = 629.2 pm
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (K+); Octahedral (Cl−)
Thermochemistry
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	83 J·mol−1·K−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−436 kJ·mol−1
Pharmacology
ATC code	A12BA01 (WHO) B05XA01 (WHO)
Routes of; administration	Oral, IV, IM
	Pharmacokinetics:
Excretion	Kidney: 90%; Fecal: 10%
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	2600 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 1450
Related compounds
Other anions	Potassium fluoride; Potassium bromide; Potassium iodide
Other cations	Lithium chloride; Sodium chloride; Rubidium chloride; Caesium chloride; Ammonium chloride
Related compounds	Potassium hypochlorite; Potassium chlorite; Potassium chlorate; Potassium perchlorate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits.^[7] KCl is used as a salt substitute for table salt (NaCl), a fertilizer,^[8] as a medication, in scientific applications, in domestic water softeners (as a substitute for sodium chloride salt), as a feedstock, and in food processing, where it may be known as E number additive E508.

It occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite, which is named after salt's historical designations sal degistivum Sylvii and sal febrifugum Sylvii,^[9] and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.^[10]

^ "Potassium chloride (PIM 430)". International Programme on Chemical Safety. 3.3.1 Properties of the substance. Archived from the original on 2010-12-04. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
^ "periodic-table-of-elements.org". Archived from the original (website shows values in g/100ml) on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
^ Sirdeshmukh DB, Sirdeshmukh L, Subhadra KG (2001). Alkali Halides: A Handbook of Physical Properties. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-42180-1.
^ ^a ^b Zumdahl SS (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
^ "Compound Summary for Potassium Chloride". PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. CID 4873. Archived from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
^ Chambers M. "7447-40-7 - WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M - Potassium chloride [USP:JAN]". ChemIDplus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
^ Rayner-Canham G, Overton T (22 December 2013). Descriptive inorganic chemistry (Sixth ed.). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-1-4641-2557-7. OCLC 882867766.
^ "Potassium Fertilizers (Penn State Agronomy Guide)". Penn State Agronomy Guide (Penn State Extension). Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
^ Watts, Henry (1883). A Dictionary of Chemistry and the Allied Branches of Other Sciences. Longmans, Green, and Company.
^ Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] "Potassium chloride (PIM 430)". International Programme on Chemical Safety. 3.3.1 Properties of the substance. Archived from the original on 2010-12-04. Retrieved 2011-01-17.

[2] "periodic-table-of-elements.org". Archived from the original (website shows values in g/100ml) on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2019.

[3] Sirdeshmukh DB, Sirdeshmukh L, Subhadra KG (2001). Alkali Halides: A Handbook of Physical Properties. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-42180-1.

[Zumdahl-2009-4] Zumdahl SS (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.

[5] "Compound Summary for Potassium Chloride". PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. CID 4873. Archived from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2015.

[6] Chambers M. "7447-40-7 - WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M - Potassium chloride [USP:JAN]". ChemIDplus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2017.

[7] Rayner-Canham G, Overton T (22 December 2013). Descriptive inorganic chemistry (Sixth ed.). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-1-4641-2557-7. OCLC 882867766.

[8] "Potassium Fertilizers (Penn State Agronomy Guide)". Penn State Agronomy Guide (Penn State Extension). Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-10.

[9] Watts, Henry (1883). A Dictionary of Chemistry and the Allied Branches of Other Sciences. Longmans, Green, and Company.

[Ullmann-10] Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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