Tissue-type plasminogen activator

PLAT
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1A5H, 1BDA, 1PK2, 1PML, 1RTF, 1TPG, 1TPK, 1TPM, 1TPN, 5BRR
Identifiers
Aliases	PLAT, T-PA, TPA, plasminogen activator, tissue type
External IDs	OMIM: 173370; MGI: 97610; HomoloGene: 717; GeneCards: PLAT; OMA:PLAT - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (human)
End	42,207,709 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (mouse)
End	23,272,860 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	stromal cell of endometrium; ; pancreatic ductal cell; ; urethra; ; vena cava; ; mucosa of urinary bladder; ; lactiferous duct; ; pylorus; ; gallbladder; ; left uterine tube; ; cardia;
	Top expressed in
	primary oocyte; ; secondary oocyte; ; saccule; ; utricle; ; molecular layer of cerebellar cortex; ; renal corpuscle; ; zygote; ; optic nerve; ; sciatic nerve; ; otic placode;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	peptidase activity; phosphoprotein binding; serine-type peptidase activity; serine-type endopeptidase activity; signaling receptor binding; hydrolase activity; protein binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; extracellular matrix; apical part of cell; secretory granule; extracellular region; cell surface; extracellular exosome; extracellular space; collagen-containing extracellular matrix; Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse; glutamatergic synapse;
Biological process	negative regulation of proteolysis; response to hypoxia; fibrinolysis; blood coagulation; smooth muscle cell migration; proteolysis; platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway; plasminogen activation; trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5327
	18791
	ENSG00000104368
	ENSMUSG00000031538
	P00750
	P11214
	NM_033011; NM_000930; NM_000931; NM_001319189
	NM_008872
	NP_000921; NP_001306118; NP_127509
	NP_032898
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Tissue-type plasminogen activator, short name tPA, is a protein that facilitates the breakdown of blood clots. It acts as an enzyme to convert plasminogen into its active form plasmin, the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown. It is a serine protease (EC 3.4.21.68) found on endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. Human tPA is encoded by the PLAT gene, and has a molecular weight of ~70 kDa in the single-chain form.^[5]

tPA can be manufactured using recombinant biotechnology techniques, producing types of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) such as alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase. These drugs are used in clinical medicine to treat embolic or thrombotic stroke, but they are contraindicated and dangerous in cases of hemorrhagic stroke and head trauma. The antidote for tPA in case of toxicity is aminocaproic acid.

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000104368 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031538 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Tissue plasminogen activator human". Sigma-Aldrich. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2018.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000104368 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031538 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[tPA_Human-5] "Tissue plasminogen activator human". Sigma-Aldrich. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2018.

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