Meitnerium
| Meitnerium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pronunciation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mass number | [278] (data not decisive)[a] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meitnerium in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Atomic number (Z) | 109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group | group 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period | period 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Block | d-block | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2 (predicted)[6][7] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2 (predicted) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phase at STP | solid (predicted)[8] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density (near r.t.) | 27–28 g/cm3 (predicted)[9][10] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states | common: (none) (+1), (+3), (+6)[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ionization energies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius | empirical: 128 pm (predicted)[6][11] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 129 pm (estimated)[12] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural occurrence | synthetic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) (predicted)[8] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic (predicted)[13] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS Number | 54038-01-6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Naming | after Lise Meitner | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discovery | Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (1982) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Isotopes of meitnerium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Meitnerium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature, but can be created in a laboratory). The most stable known isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of 4.5 seconds, although the unconfirmed meitnerium-282 may have a longer half-life of 67 seconds. The element was first synthesized in August 1982 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany, and it was named after Lise Meitner in 1997.
In the periodic table, meitnerium is a d-block transactinide element. It is a member of the 7th period and is placed in the group 9 elements, although no chemical experiments have yet been carried out to confirm that it behaves as the heavier homologue to iridium in group 9 as the seventh member of the 6d series of transition metals. Meitnerium is calculated to have properties similar to its lighter homologues, cobalt, rhodium, and iridium.
- ^ Emsley, John (2003). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198503408. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
- ^ Meitnerium. The Periodic Table of Videos. University of Nottingham. February 18, 2010. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- ^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Kovrizhnykh, N. D.; et al. (2022). "New isotope 286Mc produced in the 243Am+48Ca reaction". Physical Review C. 106 (64306): 064306. Bibcode:2022PhRvC.106f4306O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.106.064306. S2CID 254435744.
- ^ a b Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; Burkhard, H. G.; Dahl, L.; Eberhardt, K.; Grzywacz, R.; Hamilton, J. H.; Henderson, R. A.; Kenneally, J. M.; Kindler, B.; Kojouharov, I.; Lang, R.; Lommel, B.; Miernik, K.; Miller, D.; Moody, K. J.; Morita, K.; Nishio, K.; Popeko, A. G.; Roberto, J. B.; Runke, J.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Saro, S.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schött, H. J.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Stoyer, M. A.; Thörle-Popiesch, P.; Tinschert, K.; Trautmann, N.; Uusitalo, J.; Yeremin, A. V. (2016). "Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120". The European Physics Journal A. 2016 (52). doi:10.1140/epja/i2016-16180-4.
- ^ a b c d Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
- ^ Thierfelder, C.; Schwerdtfeger, P.; Heßberger, F. P.; Hofmann, S. (2008). "Dirac-Hartree-Fock studies of X-ray transitions in meitnerium". The European Physical Journal A. 36 (2): 227. Bibcode:2008EPJA...36..227T. doi:10.1140/epja/i2008-10584-7.
- ^ a b Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11): 113104. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
- ^ Gyanchandani, Jyoti; Sikka, S. K. (May 10, 2011). "Physical properties of the 6 d -series elements from density functional theory: Close similarity to lighter transition metals". Physical Review B. 83 (17): 172101. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..83q2101G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.83.172101.
- ^ Kratz; Lieser (2013). Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications (3rd ed.). p. 631.
- ^ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
- ^ Chemical Data. Meitnerium - Mt, Royal Chemical Society
- ^ Saito, Shiro L. (2009). "Hartree–Fock–Roothaan energies and expectation values for the neutral atoms He to Uuo: The B-spline expansion method". Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables. 95 (6): 836–870. Bibcode:2009ADNDT..95..836S. doi:10.1016/j.adt.2009.06.001.
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